甘蔗机械采收杂质对甘蔗加工性能及成本的影响

Effect of Cane Impurity Using Machinery Harvesting on Processing Performance and Cost of Cane Sugar Production

随着国际糖价的下跌,国内人工成本的大幅提高,使甘蔗种植收益变少,甘蔗机械化采收是降低甘蔗生产成本的重要途径。由于机械采收产生的蔗梢、蔗叶和沙土会随着收获机进入原料,进而影响后续的生产加工过程。本文基于甘蔗机械采收产生的杂质种类和含量,综述了国外甘蔗机械采收产生的杂质对糖厂加工性能和成本核算的研究成果,表明:废叶含量增加1%时,甘蔗原料破碎率均呈现下降趋势,下降0.8~3.4个百分点;蔗汁总糖分总体呈现减少变化,减少0.1~0.3个百分点;工厂蔗渣的含水量会有小幅度(0.12%~0.35%)的增加;杂质含量下降1%,利润明显增加,运输成本可以直接降低。这将对我国制糖企业开展甘蔗机械采收的杂质对原料成本及后续加工性能的影响提供借鉴参考。

With the decline of international sugar prices,the domestic labor cost has increased significantly,which resulted in declined benefit from sugarcane planting.The mechanical harvesting of sugarcane is an important way to reduce the labor cost in sugarcane production.The sugarcane tops,leaves,and sand produced by mechanical harvesting will enter the raw materials along with the harvester,and then affect the subsequent processing and sugar production.In this paper,based on the types and contents of impurities produced by sugarcane mechanical harvesting,the research results of processing performance and cost accounting of sugar mills in foreign sugarcane mechanical harvesting were reviewed.The results showed that when the content of waste leaves increased by 1%,the crushing rate of sugarcane raw materials decreased by 0.8%–3.4%,the total sugar content of cane juice decreased by 0.1%–0.3%,the water content of bagasse in factory increased slightly by 0.12%–0.35%,the profit increased obviously,moreover the transportation cost could be directly reduced.This paper provided a reference for understanding the impact of sugarcane impurities in mechanical harvesting on raw material cost and subsequent processing performance in sugarcane enterprises in China.