社区居民自治项目的运作机制及绩效检视——基于湖北四届社区公益创投(项目)的分析

Operation Mechanism and Performance Review of Community-based self-governance Projects——Based on the Analysis of Projects in the 4 Community Venture Philanthropy Contests in Hubei

项目制在基层自治领域中的运作机制不同于传统的分级运作。通过对湖北社区公益创投(项目)的研究发现,居民自治项目历经"项目创意-项目申报-项目审定-创投大赛-项目督导-项目评估"六个阶段,遵循自上而下的制定机制、供需适配的购买机制以及过程导向的评估机制。整个项目运作过程都十分尊重居民意愿。上级政府不再是利用项目控制基层,而是利用项目赋权社区。这种"以居民为中心"的项目制有利于促进政府职能转型,提高社区居委会的专业化程度,实现居民的组织化和常态化参与。深入探究社区居民自治项目的运作机制,对于推进居民自治以及拓展项目制研究具有重要的意义。

The operation mechanism of the project system in community-level self-governance is different from the traditional hierarchical operation. The research on the community venture philanthropy projects in Hubei has found that the residents’ self-governance projects have undergone six stages:creative design,project declaration,project review,venture contest,project supervision and project evaluation,and followed the top-down formulation mechanism,the purchase mechanism of supply-demand adaptation and the process-oriented evaluation mechanism. The entire project operation process respects the residents’ wishes. The superior government uses projects to empower the community instead of control. This " resident-centered" project system is conducive to promoting the transformation of government functions,improving the professionalism of community neighborhood committees,and realizing the organized and normal participation of residents. The operation mechanism of community based self-governance projects is of great significance for promoting residents’ self-governance and expanding the research of project system.