设施农业可控雾滴智能施药技术研究与应用

Research and application of intelligent and droplet-controllable pesticide application for facility agriculture

为解决我国设施栽培作物病虫害防治过程中施药量大、农药利用率低,高效防治技术与装备匮乏等问题,利用高速摄影、激光粒度分析等方法,开展可控雾滴雾化机理研究,探明不同雾化器结构参数和工作参数(转速、流量)等对雾滴粒谱的影响主效应。基于离心雾化技术,生物最佳粒径理论等,完成可控雾滴雾化器等关键基础部件的创新研发;集成激光识别、自动化控制等技术,研制设施农业可控雾滴智能施药装备,完成自动识别、定位喷洒对象的自走式对靶喷洒作业,从而在保证防效的同时,提高农药有效利用率,减少农药使用量。通过田间试验可知,转速1500~3000 r/min条件下,可控雾滴智能施药装备的雾滴粒径在30~200μm无级可控,且水平射程≥8 m,实现人机分离作业,提高作业效率,避免化学农药对施药人员的危害。

In order to solve the problems of large amount and low utilization rate of pesticides application and lack of efficient control technology and equipment in the process of extermination of disease and insect pest in Chinese facility cultivation.By the technologies of high-speed photography and laser particle size,the mechanism of controllable droplet atomization is studied,and the main effects of different atomizer structure parameters and working parameters(rotational speed,flow rate)on droplet spectra are investigated.Based on centrifugal atomization technology and bio-optimal particle size theory,innovative research and parameter optimization of key basic components such as controllable droplet atomizer have been completed.Integrating the technology of laser recognition and automatic control,intelligent and droplet-controllable equipment for facility agriculture is finished.Precisely controlling droplet size is realized,and automatic identification and target application and self-propelled are realized.The effective utilization rate of pesticides is improved,and the control effect is guaranteed,and the use of pesticide is reduced.The experiment shows that under the condition of rotating speed 1500~3000 r/min,the droplet volume median diameter is steplessly controlled from 30 to 200μm.The horizontal range exceeds 8 m,man-machine separation operation is achieved,operation efficiency is improved and the harm of chemical pesticides to the applicators is avoided.