基于往复振动方法的枸杞低损采收技术装备设计与试验

Design and test of low-loss Lycium barbarum harvesting technology and equipment based on reciprocating vibration method

以解决枸杞自走式连续采收难题为目标,以往复式振动关键部件采摘方法为核心技术,农机农艺深入融合,建立适宜往复仿形振动采摘模式的枸杞栽培示范区,重点设计隧道式左右和上端阵列往复振动部件总成系统的仿形采摘关键部件,辅助设计柔性接果和输送风选归集系统,结合跨行自走式动力平台,集成研创基于往复振动方法的枸杞低损采收机。夏果初茬枸杞采收试验结果:当振动频率为37.5~50 Hz,枸杞成熟果的采净率为89.5%~96.4%,采净率随着振动频率的提高显著提高;在同一振动频率前提下,随着枸杞成熟度提升,采净率整体提高,成熟度与采净率关联显著。而振动频率为37.5 Hz,含杂率控制在14.4%~18.4%,显著降低含杂率。另外,干果损伤率为3.4%~10.2%,干果损伤率呈现随着振动频率提高而增加的趋势。夏果中茬枸杞采收试验结果:当振动频率为32.5~45 Hz,干果损伤率随着振动频率增加,呈先减小后增加趋势,数据显示当频率设置为37.5 Hz左右,该机采摘干果损伤率最低。新增误采率随振频变化规律:误采率为4.18%~11.36%,误采率与振动频率关系并不显著。最后,针对秋果,关于37.5 Hz最佳振动频率左右的鲜果损伤试验,显示鲜果损伤率均在5%以内,该机作业效率较高,一机抵30个人工。

In this paper,the problem of self-propelled continuous harvesting of Chinese wolfberry will be solved by developing a low-loss wolfberry harvester based on reciprocating vibration method.Then,a demonstration area of Lycium barbarum cultivation suitable for reciprocating vibration picking mode was established.The low-loss wolfberry harvester is made by the key parts of the copying picking system of the reciprocating vibration components assembly system of the tunneling arrays of left and right and upper arrays,flexible fruit-picking and conveying air separation and collection system and straddling self-propelled power platform.Experimental results of picking Lycium barbarum in the first harvest of summer fruit for the wolfberry harvester:Vibration frequencies varied from 37.5 Hz to 50 Hz,and the dropping rate of mature Lycium barbarum fruits varied from 89.5%to 96.4%.With the increase of vibration frequencies,the dropping rate increased significantly.Meanwhile,on the premise of the same vibration frequency,with the increase of wolfberry maturity,the dropping rate increased,and the correlation between maturity and dropping rate was significant.The impurity content was controlled from 14.4%to 18.4%at the vibration frequency of 37.5 Hz,which significantly reduces the impurity content.In addition,the damage rate of dried fruits varied from 3.4%to 10.2%,and the damage rate of dried fruits increased with the increase of vibration frequency.Experimental results of picking Lycium barbarum in middle stubble of summer fruit showed that the vibration frequency varied from 32.5 Hz to 45 Hz,and the damage rate of dried fruits decreased first and then increased with the increase of vibration frequency.The data showed that when the frequency was set to 37.5 Hz,the damage rate of dried fruits picked by this machine was the lowest.The variation rule of new false dropping rate with vibration frequency is that false dropping rate varies from 4.18%to 11.36%,and the relationship between false dropping rate and vibration frequency is not significant.Finally,harvest test for autumn fruit showed that the damage rate of fresh fruit was less than 5%.The machine has high efficiency and can reach 30 workers per machine.