稻壳生物炭搭载特基拉芽孢杆菌防治西瓜枯萎病

Control effects of Bacillus tequilensis boarded by rice husk-derived biochar on watermelon wilt disease

以稻壳为材料高温裂解制备生物炭,利用其优良吸附特性搭载特基拉芽孢杆菌防治西瓜苗期枯萎病。结果表明,500℃裂解温度下制备的稻壳生物炭的吸附性能最佳,在菌液中2 h,每1 g载菌量最大为6.77×1010个,且能显著延长特基拉芽孢杆菌在土壤中的存活时间。经稻壳生物炭吸附搭载后,特基拉芽孢杆菌对西瓜枯萎病的防效为83.1%,显著高于直接施用菌液的防效(72.5%)。载特基拉芽孢杆菌稻壳生物炭施入后,土壤中过氧化氢酶、脲酶、纤维素酶、蔗糖酶及脱氢酶活性分别为4.40μmol/g、1.43 mg/(d·g)、3.05 mg/(d·g)、3.36 mg/(d·g)和33.72μg/(d·g),较对照显著升高,并促进西瓜幼苗生物量增长54.4%左右。本研究结果对利用生物炭搭载生防微生物防治作物土传病具有一定指导意义。

The control effects on watermelon wilt diseases of the Bacillus tequilensis boarded by the biochar,which pyrolyzed and carbonized from rice husk at high temperature,were studied.The results showed that absorption properties of the rice husk-derived biochar prepared at 500℃were the best.When soaked in bacteria solution for two hours,the maximum number of bacteria adsorbed by one gram of the biochar was 6.77×1010.Moreover,the survival time of the B.tequilensis boarded by the biochar in soil was significantly increased.The control effect of the B.tequilensis adsorbed and boarded by the biochar on watermelon wilt disease was 83.1%,which was significantly higher than that of B.tequilensis without being treated with biochar.Meanwhile,the biomass of watermelon seedling was increased by 54.4%under the treatment of the B.tequilensis adsorbed and boarded by the biochar and the activities of catalase,urease,cellulase,sucrase and dehydrogenase were 4.40μmol/g,1.43 mg/(d·g),3.05 mg/(d·g),3.36 mg/(d·g)and 33.72μg/(d·g),respectively.The activities of the above soil enzymes in the treatment of B.tequilensis boarded by the biochar were significantly higher than those in the control.These results of this study have certain guiding significance for the use of biocontrol microorganism adsorbed and boarded by the biochar to control soil-borne crop diseases.