玉米套作及秸秆还田对草莓连作土壤养分及微生物区系的影响

Effects of intercropping with corn and straw returning on nutrients and microflora in strawberry continuous cropping soil

以连作草莓大田为试验对象,设置玉米套作棚与对照棚2个处理,分别于玉米苗期、成熟期和秸秆腐熟期调查两棚土壤养分含量及微生物区系状况。结果表明:玉米套作及秸秆还田处理后的连作土壤有机质含量提高19.64%,碱解氮含量提高11.68%,有效铁含量提高56.49%~78.74%,有效钙含量提高7.16%,过剩的有效镁含量降低9.20%~17.65%;套作棚的土壤细菌数量和细菌/真菌值均比对照棚提升了22.24%和20.62%,土壤微生物结构由“真菌型”向“细菌型”转变;玉米套作及秸秆还田处理后的放线菌数量是对照的2.64倍,增强了抵御病虫害侵染的能力。因此,玉米套作及秸秆还田处理可以有效改善草莓连作土壤的养分状况和微生物群落结构,缓解连作土壤碱化和次生盐渍化。

In the experiment,the field of continuous strawberry was taken as the test object.Two treatments of intercropping with corn and control were set up,respectively.The soil nutrient content and microbial communities status under the two treatments were investigated in the corn seedling stage,corn maturity stage and corn stalk rotten stage.Compared with the control,the soil organic matter(SOM)content,soil available nitrogen(SAN)content,soil available iron(SAFe)content and soil available calcium(SACa)content in the treatment of intercropping with corn and straw returning increased by 19.64%,11.68%,56.49%-78.74%and 7.16%,and the soil available magnesium(SAMg)content decreased by 9.20%-17.65%.The number of soil bacteria and the value of bacteria/fungi increased by 22.24%and 20.62%compared with those in the control.The number of the actinomycetes in the treatment of intercropping with corn and straw returning was 2.64 times of that in the control,which enhanced the ability of the strawberry plants to resist pest and disease infection.Therefore,the treatment of intercropping with corn and straw returning can effectively improve the nutrient status and microbial community structure in strawberry continuous cropping soil,and slow down soil alkalization and secondary salinization.