基于多源开放数据的城乡居民点空间布局优化

Optimizing Spatial Distribution of Residential Areas by Using Multi-Source Open Data

城乡居民点空间布局优化对集约利用土地资源、改善城乡居民点空间布局现状、统筹城乡发展具有重要意义。引入多源开放数据(POI(point of interest)和人口空间化数据)替换传统社会经济数据,运用景观生态学的方法,分析广州市城乡居民点的布局特征,并以居民点适宜性、紧凑性为目标,构建蚁群优化模型,对广州市城乡居民点进行空间布局优化。结果表明:(1)广州市部分居民点布局存在分布较为零散,集聚程度低的问题;(2)基于多源开放数据能够实现空间尺度更为精细、规划更为及时的城乡居民点空间布局优化;(3)优化后,广州市城乡居民点向适宜性较高的区域紧凑、有序的布局:优化后居民点主要分布在适宜区、较适宜区和基本适宜区,分别占居民点总面积的18%、64%和17%;优化后居民点的平均斑块面积、平均最邻近距离显著增大,斑块密度减小。

Optimizing spatial distribution of residential areas is of great significance for intensive use of land resources, improvement of the present situation of spatial distribution of residential areas, and overall planning of urban and rural development. Taking the city of Guangzhou as the research area, this study used multi-source open data(POI and population spatial data) to replace the traditional socio-economic data, and analyzed the distribution characteristics of residential areas by using the method of landscape ecology. Aiming at the suitability and compact target, an ant colony optimization(ACO) model was constructed to optimize the spatial distribution of the residential areas in Guangzhou. The results showed that:(1) The layout of some residential areas in Guangzhou have some problems, such as scattered distribution and low concentration.(2)The result of spatial layout optimization of Guangzhou residential areas based on the new data set shows that the spatial scale is finer and the planning is timely.(3)After optimization, residential areas in Guangzhou mainly located in suitable areas, general suitable areas and basic suitable areas, accounting for 18%, 64% and 17% of the total residential area, respectively. By comparing the landscape index values before and after optimization, it was found that the mean patch size(MPS) and mean nearest-neighbor distance(MNN) of the residential area increased significantly, and the patch density(PD) decreased, which indicated that the residential area layout tend to be constrictive and orderly.