前环皮下内置外固定架联合后环骶髂螺钉治疗不稳定骨盆骨折

Anterior subcutaneous internal fixation combined with posterior percutaneous iliosacral screw for treatment of unstable pelvic fractures

目的评估应用前环皮下内置外固定架(internal fixation,INFIX)联合后环骶髂螺钉治疗不稳定骨盆骨折的临床疗效。方法2016年8月-2017年9月,采用前环皮下INFIX联合后环骶髂螺钉治疗不稳定骨盆骨折19例。其中男14例,女5例;年龄17~69岁,平均40.6岁。致伤原因:交通事故伤11例,高处坠落伤5例,重物砸伤3例。骨折根据Tile分型,B1型2例,B2型6例,C型11例。前环损伤包括双侧耻骨坐骨支骨折12例,单侧耻骨坐骨支骨折5例,耻骨联合分离2例;后环损伤包括骶髂韧带损伤2例,单侧髂骨骨折3例,单侧骶骨骨折11例,单侧骶髂关节脱位2例,双侧骶骨骨折1例。受伤至手术时间2~11 d,平均6.1 d。记录术中出血量及手术时间,观察骨折愈合情况及术后并发症情况。采用Matta评分标准评价骨折复位情况,采用Majeed评分标准评估患者术后功能。结果患者手术时间为47~123 min,平均61.4 min;术中出血量为50~115 mL,平均61.1 mL。术后1例发生植钉处切口浅表感染,1例发生单侧股外侧皮神经激惹,经相应处理后治愈或症状消失。无泌尿系统、生殖系统及肠道等损伤。所有患者均获随访,随访时间12~25个月,平均18.1个月。术后骨折均愈合,愈合时间8~13周,平均9.5周;无骨折不愈合、延迟愈合,内固定物松动、断裂等情况发生。2例术前腰骶丛神经损伤患者中,1例功能完全恢复,1例残留轻度跛行症状。末次随访时采用Matta评分标准评价骨折复位情况,获优13例、良6例,优良率100%;采用Majeed评分标准评价功能,获优15例、良4例,优良率100%。结论应用前环皮下INFIX联合后环骶髂螺钉治疗不稳定骨盆骨折临床疗效满意,并发症较少,是一种微创治疗骨盆环损伤的有效方法。

Objective To assess the effectiveness of anterior subcutaneous internal fixation(INFIX) combined with posterior percutaneous iliosacral screw for the treatment of unstable pelvic fractures. Methods Between August2016 and November 2017, 19 cases of unstable pelvic fractures were treated with anterior subcutaneous INFIX combined with posterior percutaneous iliosacral screw. There were 14 males and 5 females, with an average age of 40.6 years(range,17-69 years). Causes of injury included traffic accident injury in 11 cases, falling from height in 5 cases, bruise injury by heavy object in 3 cases. According to Tile classification, there were 2 cases of type B1, 6 cases of type B2, and 11 cases of type C. Anterior ring injuries included bilateral pubic ischial ramus fractures in 12 cases, unilateral pubic ischial ramus fractures in 5 cases, and symphysis pubis separation in 2 cases. Posterior ring injuries included sacroiliac ligament injuries in 2 cases, unilateral iliac bone fractures in 3 cases, unilateral sacral fractures in 11 cases, unilateral sacroiliac joint dislocation in 2 cases, and bilateral sacral fracture in 1 case. The intraoperative blood loss and operation time were recorded, and the fracture healing and postoperative complications were observed. Matta score was used to evaluate the reduction of fracture, and Majeed score was used to evaluate the postoperative function of patients. Results The operation time was 47-123 minutes(mean, 61.4 minutes) and the intraoperative blood loss was 50-115 mL(mean,61.1 mL). One case had superficial infection at the site of screw implantation, and 1 case had unilateral cutaneous nerve stimulation, which were cured after corresponding treatment. There was no damage of urinary system, reproductive system, and intestine. All cases were followed up 12-25 months(mean, 18.1 months). All the fractures healed after operation, the average healing time was 9.5 weeks(range, 8-13 weeks);no nonunion, delayed healing, internal fixation loosening, fracture, and other situations occurred. Of the 2 patients with lumbosacral plexus injury before operation,1 recovered completely and 1 had residual mild claudication. At last follow-up, the reduction of fracture was evaluated by Matta scoring standard, the results were excellent in 13 cases and good in 6 cases, with an excellent and good rate of 100%;the function was evaluated by Majeed scoring standard, the results were excellent in 15 cases and good in 4 cases, with an excellent and good rate of 100%. Conclusion Minimally invasive pelvic stabilization by using anterior subcutaneous INFIX and posterior percutaneous iliosacral screw for treatment of unstable pelvic fractures, can achieve good fracture reduction and definitive stabilization with minimum complications and obtain excellent functional outcomes.