NOTCH信号通路在滋养细胞浸润及胎盘血管重铸中的研究进展

Research progress of NOTCH signaling pathway in trophoblastic infiltration and placental revascularization

子痫前期是妊娠期特有的一类疾病,目前普遍认为子痫及子痫前期属于胎盘源性疾病。目前子痫前期的发病机制已经成为围产医学领域研究的热点和难点,并且已经形成了多种学说,而其中胎盘缺血学说受到了众多学者的支持。在胎盘缺血学说中,母体子宫螺旋动脉重铸异常和滋养细胞浸润不足,会进一步引起胎盘血供不足和胎盘功能缺陷,因胎盘缺血不足而造成大量细胞因子释放进入血液循环,最终引发母体疾病表现。近年来研究发现 NOTCH 信号通路蛋白在子痫前期患者中表达量有不同程度的下降,可能与滋养细胞功能失调、血管重组异常等因素相关。当然NOTCH信号通路与肿瘤发生发展、缺血性疾病、免疫系统功能调控等病理生理过程同样密切相关。本文将重点探讨NOTCH信号通路在滋养细胞浸润及胎盘血管重铸中的作用,总结NOTCH信号通路在子痫前期中的作用机制,旨在为今后的相关研究提供新的视角和思路。

Preeclampsia is a special kind of disease during pregnancy.It is generally believed that preeclampsia and preeclampsia belong to placenta-derived diseases.At present,the pathogenesis of preeclampsia has become a hot and difficult topic in the field of perinatal medicine,and many theories have been formed,among which the theory of placental ischemia has been supported by many scholars.In the theory of placental ischemia,abnormal recasting of maternal uterine spiral artery and insufficient infiltration of trophoblasts will further lead to placental insufficiency of blood supply and placental dysfunction,resulting in a large number of cytokines released into the blood circulation due to placental ischemia,and eventually lead to the manifestation of maternal diseases.In recent years,it has been found that the expression of NOTCH signaling pathway protein in preeclampsia patients has decreased to varying degrees,which may be related to the dysfunction of trophoblasts,abnormal vascular reorganization and other factors.Of course,NOTCH signaling pathway is also closely related to the pathophysiological processes of tumorigenesis and development,ischemic diseases,and regulation of immune system function.This article will focus on the role of NOTCH signaling pathway in trophoblast infiltration and placental vascular remodeling,and summarize the mechanism of NOTCH signaling pathway in preeclampsia,in order to provide a new perspective and ideas for future research.