什么是叙事医学

What is narrative medicine?

叙事医学在2011年正式进入我国以来,得到迅速发展。医学领域兴起的以患者为中心的医疗、医患共同决策、关系性医学,以及文学领域的疾病叙事、叙事学等共同促成了叙事医学的产生。叙事医学通过倾听患者叙述、关注曾被忽视的情感因素、再现患者所讲,以达到与患者共情、建立关联和归属关系,从而建立医患间的互信,使患者得到良好的就医体验、医生得到职业满足感,实现医学人文关怀的真正落地。医学人文教育中要加入以细读文学作品和写作为手段的叙事医学内容,以便尽早培养医学生的叙事能力。

Narrative medicine first entered China in 2011 and has developed rapidly since then. The patient-centered care, shared decision making and relational medicine in the medical sphere, together with patients narrating their illness and narratology contributed to the rise of narrative medicine. Through listening to patients’ narratives, paying attention to their emotions, and representing their stories in various ways, clinicians can connect with patients and empathize with them. In this way, affiliation and mutual trust with patients can be established. Patients will feel good in the doctor-patient encounter because of such humane care, and clinicians may get satisfaction from their work. Narrative medicine courses characterized by close reading of literature and writing should be added to the curriculum of medical education as the major content of medical humanities, so as to train narrative competence for the future doctors.