新中国成立70年来马克思主义劳动观中国化探索

On the Sinicization of Marxist Views of Labor Since the Founding of New China

马克思、恩格斯指出,劳动是人类社会历史发展的前提和基础,要不断从资本主义条件下解放出来,成为人们生活的第一需要。列宁继承发展了马克思主义,重视提高劳动生产率、劳动与教育相结合,主张使劳动群众真正能够成为社会主义社会的建设者和管理者。毛泽东为马克思主义劳动观中国化作出了重要贡献,强调干部是普通劳动者,动员干部参加集体生产劳动,重视知识分子的劳动及其作用等。改革开放以来,邓小平等党和国家领导人不断强调实现劳动者的自由与发展,尊重知识、尊重人才等。党的十八大以来,习近平继承发展了马克思主义劳动观,强调劳动创造财富和幸福,劳动没有高低贵贱之分;应最大限度关心和造福劳动者;要建设知识型、技能型、创新型劳动者大军;弘扬新时代劳模精神等。习近平总书记关于劳动的重要论述深刻阐释了劳动推动人类文明进步的重要意义,重申了劳动的力量,这是对劳动创造价值的充分肯定,也是对劳动者地位和权利的重要保障。

As suggested by Marx and Engels,labor is the premise and foundation ofthe historical development of human society,and it should be liberated from the capitalist conditions to become the first need of people’s life.Lenininherited and developed Marxist labor thought,attached great importance to the improvement of labor productivity as well as the combination of labor andeducation,and advocated that the working people could really become the builders and managers of socialist society.Mao Ze-dong made importantcontributions to the Sinicization of Marxist labor thought by emphasizing cadres are ordinary workers,mobilizing cadres to participate in collectiveproduction and labor,and attaching significance to the labor of intellectuals and its role.Since the reform and opening up,Deng Xiao-ping and other leadershave constantly emphasized the realization of workers’freedom and development and the respect for knowledge and talents,etc.Since the 18 th NationalCongress of the CPC,Xi Jin-ping has inherited and developed Marxist labor thought.He attaches significance to following theses:labor creates wealth andhappiness,and there is neither lowliness nor nobleness in labor;we should pay maximized attention to workers’benefits,build a knowledge-based,skilledand innovative workforce,and carry forward the spirit of model workers in the new era.As a full acknowledgement of the value of labor and a guarantee forthe status and rights of laborers,Xi Jin-ping’s related discussions profoundly explain the importance of labor in promoting human civilization,and reaffirmthe power of labor.