论特洛伊故事在中世纪的流传——由但丁的《神曲》谈起

On the Circulation of Trojan Stories in the Middle Ages: Starting with Dante’s Divine Comedy

但丁在《神曲》中展示出的诸多细节说明他对古希腊神话中的特洛伊故事有所了解,但由于当时并没有荷马史诗的拉丁文译本,但丁对该故事的认识主要来自奥维德和维吉尔。除此之外,罗马帝国晚期出现的分别署名戴里斯与狄克提斯的两部关于特洛伊战争的伪书在中世纪流传很广,是特洛伊故事在中世纪流传的另一个重要媒介,但丁对此也有所了解。而且这两部书中的特洛伊故事出现了一些其他古代来源中没有的特征,从其中衍生出的特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达的故事则通过乔叟等人一直影响到莎士比亚。

Many details in Dante’s Divine Comedy show that he knew the Trojan story in Greek mythology,but because there was no Latin translation of Homer’s epics then,Dante’s knowledge of the story mainly came from Ovid and Virgil.In addition,appearing in the late Roman Empire,two pseudo-books about the Trojan War under the name Dares and Dicty were widely circulated in the Middle Ages.The story of Troilus and Cressida derived from them influenced Shakespeare through Chaucer and other writers like Boccaccio.