文学作品对记忆的现时化——大屠杀文学的记忆重构、阐释与传递

Memory Presentization: Literary Reconstruction,Interpretation and Transmission of the Holocaust Memory

在犹太记忆传统中,文学书写是保存和延续祖先记忆的重要途径。在二战屠犹事件发生后的几十年里,美国犹太文学以各种方式延续这一历史性创伤记忆的生命力。本文选取的《鼠族》、《真相大白》和《反美阴谋》三部作品分别对应于大屠杀记忆从家庭记忆到集体记忆再到文化记忆的三个发展阶段。三部作品在应对代际间的记忆创伤、记忆缺失和记忆休眠等问题的过程中,都采用了对记忆进行重构、阐释和传递的现时化方式来生成历史记忆在当下社会文化语境中的意义。这也意味着,文学对记忆的现时化不仅是当下犹太记忆的重要路径,也是保持大屠杀记忆的鲜活、抵御反犹主义倾向复燃的主要力量。

In Jewish mnemotechnics,literary writing works as a powerful medium in immortalizing historical memories.Nearly eighty years after the Holocaust,memories of this event have developed chronologically in forms of family memory,community memory,as well as cultural memory.At each stage,problems such as memory trauma,memory loss and memory dormancy stumble on the way of remembering.To revitalize the Holocaust memory to match the present circumstances,the three literary writings of Maus,Everything is Illuminated and the Plot against America presentize the Holocaust memory through reconstruction,reinterpretation,and transmission.