杜威的劳动教育思想及其时代启示

On Dewey’s Thought of Labor Education and Its Enlightenment in New Era

杜威的劳动教育思想主要有:由“对立”走向“同一”是劳动与休闲关系的发展趋势;劳动与休闲之间存在“泾渭分明”的界限,各自扮演着“基础”和“目的”的角色;内蕴“民主”是破除劳动与休闲二元对立的最佳路径。然而,在当下的劳动教育中,劳动与休闲的关系却遭遇着如下畸变,具体表现为“孤舟独桨”的分离关系、“泾渭不分”的混杂关系以及“蚕食鲸吞”的专制关系。基于此,杜威的劳动休闲思想可提供诸多有益启示:廓清劳动教育的边界,树立正确的劳动价值观;消除劳动休闲的二分法,促使两者教育的重叠;倡导民主自由,促使内在心理与外在身体合一。

Dewey’s thoughts on labor education mainly include:the development trend of the relationship between labor and leisure is from“opposition”to“unity”.There is a clear distinction between work and leisure,which play the roles of“foundation”and“purpose”respectively.The inherent“democracy”is the best way to break the dual opposition between labor and leisure.However,in the current labor education,the relationship between labor and leisure suffers from the following distortion,which is embodied in the separation relationship of“boat and oar alone”,the mixed relationship of“clear distinction”and the autocratic relationship of“nibble the whale and swallow”.Based on this,Dewey's labor leisure thought can provide many beneficial inspirations:clear the boundary of labor education,establish correct labor values;Eliminate the dichotomy of labor and leisure,promote the overlap of the two education;Advocate democracy and freedom,promote internal psychology and external body unity.