深圳市公众结核病防治核心信息知晓情况分析

Investigation on public awareness in key information of tuberculosis prevention and control in Shenzhen

目的分析深圳市公众对结核病防治核心信息的知晓情况,为更有效开展结核病健康促进工作提供科学依据。方法 2019年3月18日至3月25日,收集深圳市10个行政区共计7457名居民,采用横断面调查方法最终纳入3022名年龄在6岁及以上的户籍/非户籍居民为研究对象,利用2019年"世界防治结核病日"开展宣传活动进行面对面询问调查,共发放问卷3022份,收回有效问卷2960份,问卷有效率为97.95%。结果受调查公众结核病防治核心信息总知晓率为87.30%(15 505/17 760),男性总知晓率为88.05%(7576/8604),高于女性的86.60%(7929/9156),差异有统计学意义(χ^2=8.45,P=0.004);受调查公众结核病防治核心信息全部知晓率为60.03%(1777/2960),男性全部知晓率为62.97%(903/1434),高于女性的57.27%(874/1526),差异有统计学意义(χ^2=10.00,P=0.002);各单一核心信息知晓率中,公众对肺结核主要通过哪种途径传染的知晓率最低,仅为77.60%(2297/2960),对出现哪种症状应该怀疑得了肺结核的知晓率最高,达93.75%(2775/2960)。结论深圳市居民结核病防治核心信息的总知晓率已达到国家规划指标要求,但肺结核主要传染途径单一信息及老年人群的知晓率未达标,今后应针对重点信息、重点人群加强宣传教育,以增强健康促进工作的实效。

Objective To investigate the current status of public awareness in key information of tuberculosis(TB)control and prevention in Shenzhen,so as to provide scientific basis for TB health promotion in the future.Methods The cross-sectional survey was applied to 3022 samples selected from 7457 residents from 10 districts of Shenzhen during the 2019"World TB Day"publicity campaign between March 18,2019 and March 25,2019.All of the subjects were conducted by face-to-face questionnaires.A total of 3022 questionnaires were issued and 2960 valid questionnaires were received,the effective rate was 97.95%.Results The overall awareness rate of the key information of TB control and prevention among surveyed people was 87.30%(15505/17760).And the awareness rate of men(88.05%,7576/8604)was significantly higher than that of women(86.60%,7929/9156)(χ^2=8.45,P=0.004).The awareness rate of all the key information of TB control and prevention among surveyed people was60.03%(1777/2960);and that in men(62.97%,903/1434)was significantly higher than in women(57.27%,874/1526)(χ^2=10.00,P=0.002).The awareness rate of the transmission of TB was the lowest single key information(77.60%(2297/2960)).The awareness rate of which symptoms should be suspected of tuberculosis was the highest(93.75%,2775/2960).Conclusion The awareness rate of TB key information of the residents in Shenzhen reached standard of the National TB Control Program,but the awareness rates of TB transmission and of over 60 years old age group are lower the standard.It is suggested to strengthen the propaganda education of TB transmission and the aged to enhance the effectiveness of health promotion.