首发与慢性精神分裂症患者基于时间前瞻记忆的比较研究

Comparative study of time-based prospective memory between first-episode and chronic patients with schizophrenia

目的:探讨首发与慢性精神分裂症患者基于时间前瞻记忆(PM)特征。方法:入组21例首发精神分裂症患者和28例慢性精神分裂症患者,分别应用基于时间PM测评被试的前瞻记忆,项目再认法测评被试的回溯记忆,空间广度测验测评被试的工作记忆;应用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定患者的精神症状。结果:控制年龄后,首发患者和慢性患者基于时间PM(F=0.40,P=0.529)、回溯记忆(F=0.70,P=0.407)和工作记忆(F=1.77,P=0.190)组间差异均无统计学意义。控制回溯记忆和工作记忆后,基于时间PM的组间差异也无统计学意义(F=2.59,P=0.115)。基于时间PM与人口学资料、临床变量及其他认知功能之间均无相关性(P均>0.05)。结论:精神分裂症患者基于时间PM缺陷主要发生于疾病早期,在疾病进程中具有稳定性特征。

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of time-based prospective memory(PM) in patients with first-episode and chronic schizophrenia. Method:21 first-episode schizophrenic patients and 28 chronic schizophrenic patients were enrolled in the study.Prospective memory was assessed with time-based PM,retrospective memory was evaluated with item-recognition test,and working memory was evaluated with spatial span test.The psychotic symptoms were assessed with Positive and Negative Symptom Scale(PANSS). Results:The differences of time-based PM(F=0.40,P=0.529),retrospective memory(F=0.70,P=0.407) and working memory(F=1.77,P=0.190) between the two groups were all not statistically significant after the control of the age.After controlling of retrospective memory and working memory,the difference of time-based PM between first-episode patients and chronic patients was still statistically insignificant(F=2.59,P=0.115).Moreover,no any correlations were found among time-based PM and demographics,clinical variables and other cognitive functions(all P>0.05). Conclusion: The time-based prospective memory deficit in patients with schizophrenia might occur at the early stage of schizophrenia,with stable disease process.