福柯与生存美学

Foucault and Aesthetics of Existence

福柯长期以来的学术研究对象主要是知识考古学、权力和道德谱系学。然而,在福柯一生的生活实践的历程中,他把知识考古学、权力和道德谱系学的研究,最终落实在人类的疯癫、性、监狱等被人们刻意回避的几个方面,发掘出了看似奇诡,实则深刻的西方封建主义和资本主义社会的异化制度和虚假意识形态。他追溯到古希腊罗马的黄金时代,终于发现了古希腊罗马时代的生存美学的古代版本,于是,为了彻底摆脱近代西方社会在制度和意识形态上的约束,他以古希腊罗马的生存美学为依据,按照他所了解的现代生活而创造性地设计出了一幅新型的自由生活方式的蓝图,这就是他的生存美学。生存美学融合了福柯的"知识考古学""权力和道德谱系学""真理游戏""生命政治""自身的技术""关于我们自身的历史存在论"等研究成果,以"关怀自身"为核心,深入分析了"语言游戏的审美艺术""身体、性和爱情的美学""生活的技艺""老年生活和死亡的美学"等内容。

Foucault’s academic research objects are mainly knowledge archaeology, power and moral genealogy. However, in Foucault’s life, he puts the research of knowledge archaeology, power and moral genealogy into practice in the aspects of human madness, sex, prison and so on, which are deliberately ignored, and finds the alienation system and false ideology of Western feudalism and capitalist society. In order to get rid of the constraints of modern western society in terms of system and ideology, he creatively designs a new kind of free life style blueprint based on the survival aesthetics of ancient Greece and Rome, which is his aesthetics of existence. The aesthetics of existence integrates the research achievements of Foucault’s "archaeology of knowledge", "genealogy of power and morality", "game of truth", "life politics", "technology of our own" and "historical ontology of our own". Taking "caring for ourselves" as the core, he deeply analyzes "aesthetic art of language game", "aesthetics of body, sex and love", "skills of life" and " aesthetics of the old’s life and death".