框架语义学视阈下的词义衍生研究——以多义词“看”为例

Research on Semantic Derivation from the Perspective of Frame Semantics:Taking the Polysemy “Kan” as an Example

已有词义引申理论主要是为了满足自然人理解语言的需要而建立起来的,这种具有单维度特征的词义引申理论不能对多义词义项产生的原因进行全面合理的解释。事实上,多义词义项的产生是一种很复杂的语言现象,它既有客体、主体等语言因素,也有文化因素,单纯的词义引申并不能完全涵盖这种语言现象,因此还是用比词义引申更宽泛的术语词义衍生来概括这种现象为好。只有把词义衍生理论建立在具有多维度特征的框架语义学理论基础之上,才能够对多义词义项产生的原因进行全面合理地解释,只有这样建立起来的词义衍生体系才能更好地满足人(包括本族人、二语习得者)和机器理解语言的需要。

The existing semantic extension theory is established to meet the needs of natural person to understand language.This theory with the characteristic of one dimension cannot fully explain the cause of polysemy.In fact,the generation of polysemous meanings is a very complicated linguistic phenomenon,which includes object,subject,linguistic factors and cultural factors.The mere semantic extension cannot completely cover this linguistic phenomenon,so it is better to summarize this phenomenon with term semantic derivation broader than semantic extension.Only if the semantic derivative theory based on the frame semantics theory with the multi-dimensional characteristic,the cause of polysemous meanings can have a comprehensive explanation.Only in this way can the semantic derivative system meet the demands of people(including native speakers and second language acquisition learners)and machine understanding the language.