速成习惯国际法的重思

Rethinking of Instant Customary International Law

随着国际社会的发展,一批新型国际规则、规范应运而生,并被称为“国际软法”。如何确定其法律地位和效力成了国际法亟须考虑的问题。此情之下,速成习惯国际法被作为解决问题的路径提出。不过,因速成习惯国际法在构成要素和理论根基中的矛盾,该理论难以自圆其说。但单纯对该理论进行批判无法解决问题,且该理论确有值得借鉴之处。从国际法方法论的层面审视速成习惯国际法及其所欲解决的问题,去粗取精,着眼于国际法形成与发展的过程,参照相关理论和实践,可以得出一般法律原则及国际法基本原则的路径与解释的路径。这两条路径可作为速成习惯国际法的替代,这不仅回避了速成习惯国际法的缺陷,同时也能有效推动国际规则、规范向国际法规则、规范发展。

While the international society is advancing,a number of new international rules and norms have been formed,and people call them“the international soft law”.How to determine the legal status and validity of these rules and norms becomes an urgent issue to be solved.Thus the theory of instant customary international law has been raised as a path to deal with such a difficulty.However,the theory may hardly justify itself since there are several contradictions when it comes to its elements and theoretical basis.Despite that,it is impossible to solve the above question by criticizing,because instant customary international law does have its rationality.Seen from the level of the methodology of international law,the instant customary international law and its unsolved issues,we should discard the gross and select the essential with an eye on the process of its formation and development.According to relevant theories and practices,we may conclude the paths and interpreting paths of general principles of law and fundamental principles of international law.They can be the substitute of instant customary international law.These two paths not only avoid the shortcomings of instant customary international law,but also effectively promote the formation from international rules and norms to the rules and norms of international law.