从“风险社会”到“风险刑法”:理论与进路的多重清理

From “Risk Society” to “Risk Criminal Law”:Multiple Clearances of Theory and Approach

从“风险社会”到“风险刑法”的转向需要经历三个阶段的证成:其一,对风险社会理论的内涵解读,风险社会理论面临社会学依据的三个质疑;其二,从“风险社会”跨越“风险刑法”需要哪些中继站,这里需要厘清两个疑问,风险社会中的“风险”与刑法中的“风险”的同一性以及该社会学理论对于规范刑法学构建的必要性;其三,“风险刑法”理论的立场倾向,这里需要检视其安全观和预防观。通过以上三个阶段的展示,从“风险社会”到“风险刑法”不可行,至多可以认为风险社会所描绘的现实景象可能构成刑法理论变迁的宏观背景,但前提是不违背法治国刑法的基本精神。当前急需推进的是,对不断增多的前置化犯罪类型的教义解构与立法构造的思考,确立其处罚的边界所在。

The transformation from“risk society”to“risk criminal law”needs to go through three stages.Firstly,in the aspect of the understanding the risky society theory,it is faced with three doubts related to sociology;Secondly,from the perspective of which relay stations are needed for transforming“risk society”to“risk criminal law”,two questions need to be clarified here:Are the“risk”in risk society and risk criminal law identical?Is this sociological theory necessary for regulating the construction of criminal law?Thirdly,the standpoint tendency of“risk criminal law”theory needs to examine its security concept and prevention concept.Through the above three stages of demonstration,from“risk society”to“risk criminal law”is not feasible,it can be mostly considered that the realistic scene depicted by risk society may constitute the macro background of the theoretical change of criminal law,with the premise not contrary to the basic spirit of criminal law in a country under the rule of law.At present,it is urgent to push forward the thinking of the doctrinal deconstruction and legislative structure of the increasing types of preexisting crimes and also the establishment of the boundary of their punishment.