从“以学术为志业”到“以真理为标准”——韦伯与雅斯贝尔斯高等教育思想比较研究

From “Taking Learning as Career” to “Taking Truth as Criterion”:A Comparative Study of Weber and Jaspers’ Higher Education Thoughts

韦伯与雅斯贝尔斯是20世纪西方思想史上的两位巨擘,是德国良心的代表与德国学术思想传统的承继者与创造者,韦伯被雅斯贝尔斯誉为自己的精神导师并为雅斯贝尔斯强力推荐了学术职业,两位思想家虽然都有未完成的德国大学学术生涯,但都以追求独立与自由的学术研究为志业;都主张以大学制度和学术权威来捍卫传统大学理念和引领大学发展;在提高人才培养的质量标准方面坚持以教学与科研来激发学生追求精神成长和成才;在学术价值观和学术职业发展的理解与认同方面遵循以真理为标准。因此,对韦伯与雅斯贝尔斯高等教育思想进行基于共同的学术旨趣的比较,以期对当下大学的目的、责任与使命进行反思与重建。

Weber and Jaspers are the two giants in the history of western thoughts in the 20th century.They are the representatives of the German conscience as well as the successors and creators of the tradition of German academic thoughts.Weber was honored as the spiritual mentor by Jaspers and strongly recommended the academic profession for Jaspers.Although both thinkers had unfinished academic careers in German universities,they pursued independent and free academic research as their careers,and advocated that the university system and academic authority should be used to safeguard the traditional university concept and guide the development of the universities.In the aspect of improving the quality standard of talent training,they insisted on stimulating students to pursue spiritual growth and talents through teaching and scientific research.They advocated that the understanding and identification of academic values and academic career development followed the truth as the criterion.Therefore,the higher education thought of Weber and Jaspers is based on the comparison of common academic purports in order to reflect on and rebuild the purpose,responsibility and mission of the present universities.