伤痕文学的创伤记忆与性别政治

The Traumatic Memories and Gender Politics in the Scar Literature

本文从性别范畴研究1980年代的伤痕文学思潮,意在探究伤痕文学如何藉性别表意创伤,以创伤来建构"新时期"历史意识的记忆政治。伤痕文学在女性表象与男性主体、历史见证者与受害者、叙述者与被叙述者、归来者与丧失者等叙述结构上存在一个性别与政治之间的转换机制。借助自然化的性别与性别关系型构,伤痕作家在以创伤叙事重构性别、代际、阶层等权力秩序的同时,也呼应并落实了一个走向重生时代的"新时期"意识形态。对伤痕文学的女性主义解读,不仅将指出伤痕文学的新父权本质,也可能发现一个隐藏于"光明"文本之内的"阴性"文本,它偏离了通过再造女性/底层等他者来确证主体的创伤叙述规范,重新打开了那个单维与封闭的记忆空间。

This paper studies the ideological trend of scar literature in the 1980 s from the perspective of gender,aiming to explore how scar literature uses gender to express trauma and construct the political memory with historical consciousness in the "new era". Scar literature has an internal mechanism of gender and political identity transformation in the narrative structure of female representation and male subject,historical witness and victim,narrator and narrated,restored and deprived. With the help of the naturalized structure of gender and gender relations,the scar writers not only reconstruct the power order of gender,generation,class and so on through trauma narration,but also echo and implement a " new period" ideology towards the era of rebirth. Feminist interpretation of scar literature will not only points out new patriarchal nature of scar literature,but also discover a hidden "negative"text in the "light"text,it derail from the trauma narration specification which identifies the subject by recreating the otherness of female/lower class,and has reopened the unidimensional and closed memory space.