种植茼蒿对蚕豆苜蓿蚜的田间控制作用

The control effect of planting Chrysanthemum coronarium around broad bean on Aphis craccivora

【目的】探讨不同生育期和不同种植方式的茼蒿对蚕豆蚜虫的诱集作用,为利用茼蒿控制蚕豆蚜虫提供理论依据。【方法】在蚕豆田四周种植不同生育期(幼苗期、现蕾期、开花期)和不同行数(1行、2行)的茼蒿,观察不同处理的蚕豆田有蚜株率和蚜害等级,各处理设在互不干扰的小区内进行。【结果】蚕豆四周种植不同生育期茼蒿后,蚕豆上有蚜株率和蚜害等级比例存在显著差异,且与茼蒿的生育期有明显的相关性,各处理有蚜株率从低到高分别为茼蒿开花期(28.33%)<现蕾期(41.67%)<幼苗期(55.00%),并均显著低于对照(63.33%);种植不同生育期茼蒿后,各处理蚕豆蚜害等级也不同,5级蚜害在种植开花期茼蒿处理后仅为5.00%,现蕾期为23.33%,幼苗期为33.33%,对照蚕豆上蚜害最高,达40.00%。分别种植1行(33.33%)和2行(23.33%)茼蒿后,最高有蚜株率均显著低于对照(66.67%),低蚜害等级比例明显增高,高蚜害比例明显下降,且种植2行的效果更佳。【结论】开花期的茼蒿对蚕豆蚜虫诱集作用最强,种植2行开花期茼蒿可以有效降低蚕豆蚜虫为害。在蚕豆生产上,种植茼蒿可以作为蚕豆蚜虫生态防控的重要手段之一。

【Aim】As a potential strategy for controlling the aphids,the aim was to examine the aphid-trapping effects of Chrysanthemum coronaria grown at different ages and intercropped with Vicia faba in a field.【Method】C.coronaria plants of different growth stages(seedling stage,bud stage,flowering stage)or different ways(one or two rows)were planted in intercropping with V.faba in a field.The rate of infestation of aphids per bean plant and the level of damage were recorded.Each processing is performed in a cell that does not interfere with each other.【Result】The number of aphids per plant and the level of damage were significantly varied among the different ages of the plants.The rates of aphid infestation per plant were reduced to 28.33%for C.coronaria planted at the flowering stage,41.67%when planted at the bud stage,and 55.00%at the seedling stage,all lower values than the control(63.33%).The percentage of V.faba in each damage level varied among treatments.V.faba plants with flowering C.coronaria showed only 5%rate of infestation at level 5(highest number of aphids),23.33%with flower-bud C.coronaria and 33.33%with C.coronaria seedlings while the control had 40.00%.The rate of aphid infestation per plant was 33.33%in one row intercrop,23.33%in two rows of C.coronaria both significantly lower than the control(66.67%).The proportion of the highest level of damages by aphid for both row designs was significantly lower than that of the control.【Conclusion】The flowering stage of C.coronaria had the most effective trapping effect on aphids living on broad bean.Two rows intercrop of flowering stage C.coronaria can effectively reduce the damage caused by aphids.Intercropping C.coronaria with V.faba could be used as an important ecological control strategy of aphids.