从古文字的角度看《易经》（下）

Research on the Book of Changes from the Perspective of Ancient Writing(3)

《易经》是一部很古老的筮占书,记录的是初民占卜吉凶的材料,其文字和语言叙述应该和后来发现的甲骨卜辞有某些共同特征。因此,不宜过于使用后世的文字理解或思想观念来释读《易经》,而是要尽量从它产生和形成时期的历史文化背景下来考虑其内涵。参照甲骨文或金文等早期文字,从古文字的角度来看待《易经》,将不失为一个较好的研究角度。此前两文针对《易经》中的《乾》至《家人》卦中的一些文字,对照它们在甲骨卜辞中的用法,结合《说文》等文字学资料,做了一些尝试性阐释。这里赓续前篇,对《家人》之后的诸卦的某些文字继续辨析。

As an ancient book of divination,the Book of Changes records the materials of fortune telling from the primitive people,and its characters and lingual narration may have certain characteristics in common with the oracle bone inscriptions discovered later.Therefore,the connotations implied in the Book of Changes shall be understood and interpreted from the historical and cultural background of its emergence and formation period as far as possible,instead of by inappropriately and overly using the Chinese characters or ideas and concepts of later generations.Referring to the early characters such as the oracle bone inscriptions or bronze inscriptions,and interpreting the Book of Changes from the angle of ancient writing may after all be accepted as a better research perspective.The previous two articles have made some tentative explanations on some characters from Hexagram Qian(■,the Creative,1)to Hexagram Jiaren(■,the Family,37)in the Book of Changes by comparing with their usage in oracle bone inscriptions and referring to the philological materials such as Shuowen Jiezi(the first Chinese dictionary,compiled by Xu Shen).This article will continue to differentiate and analyze some characters on hexagrams following Hexagram Jiaren(■,the Family,37).