从助动词“可”“能”“可能”的形成看词义的演变

A Study of the Semantic Change Based on the Evolution of the Auxiliaries “Ke（可）”,“Neng（能）”,“Ke neng（可能）”

作为动词的“可”“能”和“可能”都可表“许可”义,以这三者发展为助动词的过程为例,探讨词义演变的途径和结果。发现意义相近或相同的词,词义演变的过程以及虚化的结果不一定相同;双音节词的词义演变不是单个语素意义演变的简单相加;词义的演变往往是语法化、主观化、隐喻、推理、句法位置、句式、语境等多种因素共同起作用的结果。

“Ke(可)”“neng(能)”and“ke neng(可能)”all have the meaning of“permission”,and have evolved into auxiliaries.However,the evolution process of the meaning and the result of bleaching are different.“Ke(可)”has evolved into auxiliary“should”in two steps;“Neng(能)”has undergone five steps to evolve into an auxiliary with the meaning of possible,from verb to atypical auxiliary,then to typical auxiliary.And the“ke neng(可能)”does not simple add to the meaning of“ke(可)”and“neng(能)”,it's meaning and structure develop reanalysis.The path of the evolution of word meaning isn’t single.It is the result of multiple ways such as grammaticalization,context absorption,and pragmatic reasoning.