社区街道活力评价及影响因子辨析——以成都市为例

Evaluation of Community Street Vitality and Its Impact Factors Analysis: A Case Study of Chengdu

街道活力是社区规划建设的关键与核心,富有活力不仅是社区的安全保障,也是社区的生命力。本文以大数据和实地观测为基础,选取成都市社区街道为样本,对社区街道活力展开定量研究。一方面,在既有理论之上,提出了街道活力评价的量化指标,通过定量测评对样本街道的活力进行评价,并给出了相应的活力值。另一方面,将人口密度、空间品质、业态混合度、公共交通可达性等街道活力影响因子与街道活力值进行线性回归分析,从而判断对活力值的影响度。结果显示,60岁以上人口密度、街道长度、公共交通站点密度这三项因子与活力值的高低明显相关,而街道空间品质、业态混合度等一些被公认为决定街道活力的重要因子却与街道活力值没有明显的相关性。这一结论使得我们需要重新认识和进一步探索社区街道活力的形成内因,以帮助街道活力的营造。

Street vitality is the key and core of community planning and construction.Full of vitality is not only the security of the community,but also the driving force for the community to maintain a virtuous circle.That is to take"humanization"as the core,to closely link residents’needs,space places and service facilities,to attract residents to consume,entertain,exercise,communicate and even work in the community as much as possible,to promote interpersonal communication,and establish residents’sense of belonging and pride.For the street,people as the living element,its vitality and behavioral characteristics reflect the vitality of the street.Compared with the online social platform,the public space provided by the street can also provide people with more direct contact and communication.It is also a carrier that directly reflects the urban culture and an indispensable part of the urban public space.There have been many classic theories about street research,mostly based on qualitative research.However,due to its wide range,large quantity and strong continuity,the streets have great limitations only through the results of traditional on-site research methods.The development of information technology has made it possible to acquire all kinds of real-time data in cities.In recent years,quantitative studies on the vitality of community streets have gradually increased at home and abroad.By strengthening quantitative analysis,it will be able to have a clearer and more intuitive understanding of urban operations and human behaviors,making research more objective and refined,and making research results more universal.This paper will investigate the street vitality of Chengdu community under the framework of existing research.The main research object is the life-type road within the scope of the community,which is mainly occupied by residential land on both sides and can meet people’s daily needs and social activities.Not every street in the community has a high popularity,and the street with high popularity has become the center of community vitality,which is the main target of this study.Different scholars give their own thoughts on the evaluation of street vitality from the perspectives of urban and rural planning,society and economy.No matter which point of view,"popularity"is the most intuitive standard to judge the vitality of a street.Its main form of expression is the various activities of non-passable people in the street.Therefore,"people"and"activities"in the streets are the key to evaluating the vitality of the street.The quantified street vitality evaluation indicators includes the number of residents in the street whose main purpose is not to pass,the duration of them,and their activities’type,including the number of foreign citizens(non-residents)and activities.According to the above evaluation indicators,based on big data and field observations,this paper selects Chengdu community streets as a sample to conduct quantitative research on the vitality of community streets,conduct quantitative evaluation on the vitality of the sample streets,and the corresponding vitality value is given.The street vitality impact factors such as population density,spatial quality,business mix and accessibility were analyzed by univariate and multiple regression,to determine their correlation with vitality values.The results show that the factors that are linearly related to the vitality value of the community street are as follows:the population density above 60 years old,the length of the street,and the density of public transportation sites.These three factors will directly affect the level of vitality.Street space quality,traffic accessibility and other important factors that are recognized as determining street vitality are not significantly related to street vitality values.But that does not mean these factors do not have an impact on neighborhood street vitality other than a direct relevance.That is to say,any factor cannot be determined will definitely affect the street vitality.This conclusion makes us be aware the need to re-understand and further explore the internal factors of the vitality of community streets to help create street vitality.In the theoretical research and design practice,the research results of this paper have a certain guiding significance for the creation of community street vitality.Proper determination of the length of community streets,improvement of public transportation facilities and routes,and provision of safe and healthy rest and recreation space for the elderly and children are good ways to improve the vitality of the streets.