基于差异视角的少数民族村落地域景观空间分析——以四川桃坪羌寨为例

Analysis on the Regional Landscape Space and Perception in Minority Villages Based on Different Perspectives:A Case Study of Taoping Qiang Stockade Village in Sichuan Province

在如今全球化发展的背景下,传统民族村落正处于艰难的转型时期,古村落旅游发展建设以其高效而便捷的收益方式逐渐渗透与取代着原有的村落结构与生产生活方式,如何平衡居民、游客之间的冲突与地域文化感知差异,使传统村落空间从根本上建立可持续发展模式是当前亟需解决的问题。通过实地调研考察,以认知地图法采集居民、游客的地域景观节点主体感知度进行对比分析,并选取了不同半径下的标准化角度整合度与标准化角度选择度两个句法变量值与人群感知度进行相关性分析,揭示对人群感知解释度最高的句法分析半径。在此基础上分析羌寨空间与人群感知之间存在的偏差,最终基于主客体偏差提出传统民族村落的可持续发展见解。

Under the background of today’s global development, traditional minority villages in China are in a difficult transition period. The tourism development and construction of traditional villages gradually infiltrates and even replaces the original traditional village structure and way of life with its efficient and convenient income. Taoping Qiang stockade village tourism began to rise gradually since the 1990s. In 2007, it was included in the list of world cultural heritage declaration ready, while the tourism industry brings great benefits to TaopingQiang stockade village, and it also has a great impact on its regional landscape. In the past, blind demolition and construction due to commercial operation or protection has caused a huge impact on the inheritance of village context.For minority villages, what are the differences between residents’ and tourists’ perceptions and behaviors in the village space? Can the analysis of traditional villages from a single subjective or objective level accurately explore the correlation between spatial form and crowd perception? How to coordinate spatial perception deviation of different groups to realize sustainable development of traditional villages? Balancing the conf lict between residents and tourists with regional cultural differences in perception, looking for the interests of the government, tourists and residents with a balance between the traditional culture protection, coordinating the differences in cognitive and behavioral activities in different populations, refinement of operations management, making the traditional village space fundamentally set up a mode of sustainable development is an urgent problem to be solved.In this paper, the old stockade space of Taoping Qiang stockade village is taken as the research object, and the perception degree of regional landscape nodes is investigated for residents and tourists, and the complex road network space of old stockade is deeply analyzed by using the space syntax model. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis was conducted between the perception of different groups and the values of syntactic variables under different analysis radii to obtain the spatial syntactic analysis radii with the highest interpretation degree of crowd perception. On this basis, this paper explores the spatial-perception deviation under the fusion of different levels and the optimization mode of sustainable development of traditional villages.Firstly, through the field investigation, this paper uses cognitive map method to collect the perception degree of regional landscape nodes of 184 respondents respectively, including 62 residents and 102 tourists. After counting the number of nodes appearing in the sample, 16 village nodes were selected, and the number of nodes appearing was divided by the total number of samples to obtain the frequency of nodes appearing in the cognitive map, that is, the perception degree of the node in the cognitive map. The final data show that residents’ perception level of regional landscape nodes of Taoping Qiang stockade village is higher than that of tourists On the other hand, two syntactic variables, Normalized Angular Integration(NAIN) and Normalized Angular Choice(NACH) under different radii, were selected for correlation analysis with the perception degree of the two groups of people. The results show that the correlation between the degree of NAIN and the degree of crowd perception is much higher than that of NACH, and the degree of NAIN under the analysis radius of 600 m has the highest degree of interpretation of the degree of crowd perception. Finally, on the basis of the reasonable radius of space syntax analysis, it is come out that the deviation between Taoping Qiang stockade village and different group of people are divided into four types. In view of the regional landscape nodes under different categories, it is proposed to strengthen the historical and cultural aspects of propaganda, increasing perfect tour routes, reasonable sign with innovative and diverse culture forms, etc. The interaction mechanism between the spatial form and spatial cognition of traditional villages is actually very complex, and it is influenced by multiple factors such as local economic conditions, geographical environment and cultural background, which is of great research value. The current development of virtual reality and multi-source big data provides a new perspective for more accurate and scientific crowd space cognition and quantification. How to use these new technologies to explore the mechanism of action behind them and further promote the sustainable development of heritage landscape will be the focus of future research.