课后服务的性质与课后服务的改进——基于我国小学“三点半难题”解决的思考

The Nature of After-class Service and the Improvement of After-class Service—— Basingonthe Thinkingabout“Half Past Three Problem”in Primary Schoolin China

课后服务是为学生课后活动提供的服务,由政府经费补贴、学校酌情收费、教师获取适当劳酬的课后服务具有准公共产品属性。课后服务不仅具有解决小学“三点半难题”的本体价值,还具有预防校园欺凌、践行素质教育、保证教育公平的育人价值和增加人民幸福感、缓解社会矛盾的发展价值。我国已形成了学校、学校家委会、青少年校外教育场所和社区主导的四种课后服务基本方式,也存在部分地区未开展课后服务、服务性质定位不明确、服务主体权责不明、服务的教育功能彰显不够、课后服务配套缺失等问题。改进课后服务还需明确定性收费、建立公正合理的课后服务成本分担机制,重视发挥学校主渠道作用的同时积极鼓励社会力量参与,遵循自愿原则的同时对亟需服务群体给予优先保障,严格教育目标取向不断丰富课后服务内容与形式,加强课后服务过程管理与课后服务质量评估,健全课后服务统筹配套管理制度、整体联动化解课后服务难题。

After-school service is the service provided for students'after-school activities.The after-school service,which is subsidized by government funds,charged by schools at their discretion and paying for teachers'labor,has the property of quasi-public products.After-school service not only has the intrinsic value of solving the“Half past three problem”in primary schools,but also has the development value of preventing campus bullying,practicing quality education,guaranteeing education equity,increasing people's happiness and alleviating social contradictions.Our country has already formed four types service basic way that school dominates,school parents committee dominates,teenager extracurricular education site dominates and community dominates,but there are also some problems,such as some areas do not have after-school service,the nature of service is unclear,the responsibility of service subject is unclear,the education function of the service is not enough,lack of a complete set of after-school service,and so on.In order to improve after-school service,we need to clarify the qualitative charging,establish a fair and reasonable Cost-Sharing Mechanism for after-school service;attach great importance to the main role of the schools,actively encourage the participation of social forces;follow the principle of voluntariness,and give priority to the service groups in urgent need;constantly enrich the content and form of after-school service by strict orientation of educational objectives;strengthen the process management and quality assessment of after-school service,improve the overall management system of after-school service and solve the problems of after-school service through overall linkage.