明清科举文化下的幼教研究

Preschool Education under the Imperial Examination Culture of the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期,在科举政治文化的背景下,士人家庭的幼儿教育呈现鲜明的功能性特质,家中长辈从幼儿学语学步起,便为他们铺设了一条读书仕进的成长道路,希望日后他们给家族带来荣显。出于这样功利的教育目的,父辈往往为家中子弟早开学业,以便其在科举路途中能够捷足先登,教授的内容是科举应试中的儒家经义。这样的幼教方式培育出来的孩童难免失去了天真活泼的特性,人生道路也局限在读书仕进上。

During the Ming and Qing dynasties,in the political and cultural background of imperial examinations,children education of powerful family present distinct functional characteristics.When the child is very small,Parents have laid a growth path of reading and securing an official position for early childhood,hoping to bring the family honor in the future.For such a utilitarian education purpose,they advocate learning early,so that children can get ahead in imperial examination way,Content of the study is Confucian classics of the imperial examination.In such a way of preschool education,children inevitably lose their innocent and lively characteristics,and their life path is also limited to the path of official career.