论检察机关的犯罪指控体系——以侦查指引制度为视角的分析

On the Criminal Accusation System of the Procuratorate——Analysis from the Perspective of Investigation Guidance System

构建侦查指引制度是检察机关健全和完善以证据为核心的刑事犯罪指控体系的基石性问题。经过近30年的实践发展,侦查指引在制度定位上实现了从法律监督向服务公诉的转变,并且在捕诉一体格局下获得了新发展。基于固有侦查模式存在的显著弊端,在全面推行刑事诉讼以审判中心的改革和社会犯罪形势发生明显变化的情况下,侦查指引被赋予了完善以证据为核心的刑事指控体系的重要使命。从理论上讲,侦查指引制度的构建和运行与警检结构的深层次命题并不存在绝对“依附关系”,但为了避免其落入颠覆警检结构的理论窠臼,有必要将侦查指引与参与侦查、指挥侦查进行合理区分,并正确认识监督与指引两项职能之间的冲突和调和。在运行多年并取得一定积极成效的同时,侦查指引也面临着一些内在问题和外来质疑,需要予以进一步解决。

Establishing an investigation guideline system is a cornerstone issue for the procuratorate to improve the evidence-based criminal accusation system.After the practical development for about 30 years the investigation guidance has transformed from legal supervision to serving the public prosecution in terms of institutional position and also has achieved new development under the pattern of integrating"arrest and prosecution".Due to obvious shortcomings of the inherent investigation model under the circumstances of the comprehensive implementation of the trial-centered reform and the significant changes of criminal situation in the society the investigation guidance has been entrusted with the important mission of perfecting the evidence-based criminal accusation system.Theoretically there is no absolute"dependency relationship"between the construction and operation of the investigation guidance system and the deep topic of the police-procuratorate structure.However in order to prevent the system from stepping into the old theoretical pattern of subverting police-procuratorate structure it is necessary to make a reasonable distinction between investigation guidance and participation in the investigation and directing the investigation and correctly understand the conflict and reconciliation between the two functions of the procuratorate i.e.supervision and guidance.While operating for many years and achieving certain positive results the investigation guidance also faces some internal problems and external questions which need to be further resolved.