河口海岸环境监测技术研究进展

Review of estuarine and coastal environmental monitoring technologies

河口海岸为陆海耦合作用敏感地带,是地球系统科学研究的核心对象.受全球海平面上升、入海泥沙减少、高强度人类活动的多重影响,河口海岸环境面临严峻的风险和挑战.加强河口海岸环境监测技术能力建设是理解河口海岸过程与变化机理、提高对其未来变化认识与预测的首要条件.基于此,从河口海岸区位特殊性角度对气象、水文、地形地貌、地质、环境共5个方面综合论述河口海岸环境的监测要素与监测方法.在对比监测手段的基础上,提出了当前在极端天气下的监测以及长时间尺度的监测中存在不足,亟须全面改善.

Estuaries and coasts are the most sensitive zones in land-sea interaction-these zones have now become the core of earth system science research.In recent years,estuarine and coastal environments are facing serious challenges from rises in both sea level and high-intensity human activities.Strengthening the capacity of estuarine coastal environmental monitoring technology is essential for understanding the process and change mechanisms of the estuarine and coastal environments and improving our prediction of future changes.In this paper,monitoring elements,methods,common instruments,and equipment for estuarine and coastal monitoring are discussed holistically based on five aspects:meteorology,hydrology,topography,geology,and environment.Given the uniqueness of estuarine and coastal locations,we show that current monitoring of extreme weather and long time series data is particularly inadequate and needs to be improved holistically.