我国滨海核电厂海啸防护探讨

Discussion on Tsunami Protection of Coastal Nuclear Power Plantin China

[目的]我国在建及在运核电厂多为滨海厂址,根据以往观测数据及分析,防洪设计多以风暴潮作为控制性条件,海啸相关研究成果较少,构筑物对海啸的防护方法方面缺少工程经验。福岛核事故后,海啸对核电厂安全的影响受到了核安全监管、核电从业者及公众的广泛关注,国内也开展了对在运核电厂海啸防护水平的复核。[方法]结合海啸的特点,针对我国滨海核电厂并以某一核电厂为例,通过海啸波物理模型试验研究工作,以此开展对核电厂海啸防护的复核工作。[结果]模型试验研究表明,在海啸波作用下,我国已建滨海核电厂厂坪标高的设置对于近地海啸防护裕度较为充裕。[结论]结合现有海域防洪措施,针对后续新建的滨海核电厂设计中需结合厂址条件进一步考虑对于马尼拉、琉球海沟可能产生地震海啸的防护,以增大安全裕度。

[Introduction]Most of the nuclear power plants under construction and operation in China are coastal sites.According to the previous observation data and analysis,storm surge is the dominant condition in flood control design.There are few research results on tsunami,and there is a lack of engineering experience in the protection methods of structures against tsunami.After the Fukushima nuclear accident,the impact of the tsunami on the safety of nuclear power plants has been widely concerned by nuclear safety supervision,nuclear power practitioners and the public.In China,the tsunami protection level of nuclear power plants in operation has also been reviewed.[Method]Based on the characteristics of tsunami and taking a nuclear power plant in coastal China as an example,this paper carried out the tsunami protection review of nuclear power plant through the physical model test research of tsunami wave.[Result]The model test results show that under the action of tsunami wave,the level elevation of coastal nuclear power plants built in China is adequate for offshore tsunami protection.[Conclusion]Combining with the existing flood control measures in the sea area,further consideration should be given to the protection against possible earthquake and tsunami in Manila and Ryukyu trenches in order to increase the safety margin in the design of the subsequent newly built coastal nuclear power plant in the light of site conditions.