论公海自由的相对性

The Relativity of the Freedom of the High Seas

公海自由是海洋自由原则在公海海域的具体体现,也是现代海洋法的重要支柱之一。确定主权国家的主权范围与公海自由原则的运用,一直是海洋法律规则不断发展与国家间博弈的重要内容,并体现出趋向于限制公海自由范围与内容的发展趋势。滥用公海自由原则,将公海自由绝对化是部分国家提出过度权利声索的主要论据之一,这种建立在罗马法绝对权理论基础上的主张,并不符合现代海洋法的价值追求,公海自由正体现出一种从绝对自由到相对自由的变化过程。

The freedom of the high seas is the embodiment of the basic principle of navigation freedom in the high seas as well as one of the important contributions of the modern law of the sea.Determining the sovereignty scope of sovereign states and the application of the principle of freedom of the high seas have always been an important achievement of the continuous development of maritime law. Abusing the principle of freedom of the high seas is one of the main arguments for the developed countries to make excessive claims. Such claims based on the doctrine of absolute right in Roman Law do not accord with the value of modern law of the sea. The freedom of the high seas is shifting from absolute freedom to relative one.