MicroRNA与炎症性肠病

A review of MicroRNA and inflammatory bowel disease

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)主要包括溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)和克罗恩病(crohn′s disease,CD),是一种慢性非特异性肠道炎症性疾病。其发病机制未完全明确,目前认为遗传、环境、肠道菌群等因素的综合作用与其发病密切相关。小分子RNA(MicroRNA,miRNA)是一类长约20~22个核苷酸片段的非编码的RNA,具有调控人体炎症、免疫等多种生理过程的功能。研究已发现在IBD患者结肠组织、外周血中存在多种MicroRNA表达异常,同时MicroRNA对IBD的肠道免疫与炎症、肠道菌群、肠黏膜屏障等方面有着不同程度影响,且这些影响与MicroRNA通过不同途径调节免疫细胞、炎性因子等密切相关。本文就MicroRNA与IBD的相关性作一概述,并将MicroRNA如何调节IBD的肠道免疫与炎症、肠道稳态等方面进行梳理和总结。

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)mainly includes ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn′s disease(CD),which is a chronic non⁃specific intestinal inflammatory disease.Its pathogenesis is not completely clear.At present,it is believed that the combined effects of genetic,environmental,and gut flora are closely related to its pathogenesis.Micromolecular RNA(MicroRNA,miRNA)is a type of non⁃coding RNA with a length of about 20 to 22 nucleotides.It has function of regulating various physiological processes such as human inflammation and immu⁃nity.Studies have found that there are a variety of MicroRNAs expression abnormalities in colon tissue and peripher⁃al blood of IBD patients.At the same time,MicroRNAs have different degrees of impact on intestinal immunity and inflammation,gut flora,and intestinal mucosal barrier in IBD.These effects are closely related to the regulation of immune cells and inflammatory factors by MicroRNAs through different pathways.This article summarizes the corre⁃lation between MicroRNAs and IBD,and combs and summarizes how MicroRNAs can regulate intestinal immunity and inflammation,and intestinal homeostasis of IBD.