明中叶吴中派隐逸风尚与陶诗接受——以沈周、祝允明、文徵明为中心

Wuzhong School’s Seclusion Fashion and Tao Poetry’s Acceptence in the Middle Ming Dynasty: Focusing on Shen Zhou, Zhu Yunming and Wen Zhengming

明中期吴中派诗人秉承了吴中的隐逸传统,隐逸是他们一贯的精神向度,是他们生存目标与自我价值估量的基础。沈周是《明史•隐逸传》中不多的隐士之一,其隐逸之情较为纯粹,表现出知行一致的特点。其后的祝允明、文徵明等人的隐逸则有了新的特点,他们隐逸于其熟悉的城市,逃避于喜爱的书画艺术世界中。诗歌创作中多处表现出对隐逸生活的向往,着重抒发自我之性灵,个性主义凸显。明中期吴中派诗人认为,陶渊明的隐逸生活方式是自适的,是与仕宦生涯隔离的。在隐逸生活中,他们和陶诗、用陶韵,表现出了对陶诗的重视与推崇。

In the middle of the Ming Dynasty,poets of Wuzhong School adheved to the Wuzhong’s seclusion tradition.Seclusion is their consistent spiritual dimension,and it is the basis for their survival goals and self-worth estimation.Shen Zhou is one of the few hermits in the History of the Ming Dynasty and his seclusion is relatively pure,showing the characteristics of consistency of knouledpe and practice.Later,the reclusiveness of Zhu Yunming and Wen Zhengming has new features,and they hide in their familiar city and escape into the world of their favorite painting and calligraphy.In their poetry,many places show the yearning for seclusion,focusing on self-discipline and individualism.They believed that Tao Yuanming’s reclusive lifestyle was self-contained and isolated from the official circle.In their seclusive life,they wrote poetry referring to Tao Yuanming’s works,using Tao’s rhythm,showing the importance and their respect for Tao’s poetry.