试论《清平山堂话本》的口头传统和程式叙事

On the Oral Tradition and Stylized Narration of The Story-telling Scripts of Qingping Shantang

明代话本集《清平山堂话本》作为说书人口头艺术的录本,以书面文本呈现了非活态口头传统,存在着大量程式化叙事。在人物描述方面,以女性人物为典型,常见老年女性描述程式与青年女性描述程式。在景物描述方面,则呈现出大量“主题”或“典型场景”。以“春”“风”“晨”“昏”为例,这些描写或坐定故事发生背景,或提示情节走向,或渲染烘托氛围。在程式叙事之外,《清平山堂话本》还保留了一些基于口语的思维痕迹,为该书的口头传统特质作注脚。

As a record of the oral art of storytellers,The Story-telling Scripts of Qingping Shantang in the Ming Dynasty presents a non-living oral tradition in written text,and there are a lot of stylized narratives.In the aspect of character description,the female characters are the typical ones,and the old women’s description and the young women’s description are common.In terms of scenery description,there are a lot of“themes”or“typical scenes”.Taking“spring”,“wind”,“morning”and“faintness”as examples,these descriptions either set the background of the story,hint the plot direction,or suggest the atmosphere.In addition to the stylized narration,some mental traces based on the spoken language are retained in the book,which is a footnote to the traditional oral characteristics of the book.