植物病害蜡叶标本干燥保色方法的探讨

Discussion on the Method of Drying and Preserving Color for Herbarium Sheet of Plant Disease

植物病害蜡叶标本制作的关键是保色和快速干燥。该文通过试验探索出4类不同质地的9种植物病叶的最佳干燥保色方法和处理时间:大叶黄杨叶斑病叶醋酸铜处理+电熨斗法(棉位置)4 min;花生黑斑病叶电熨斗法(棉位置)30 s;枣锈病叶电熨斗法(棉位置)1 min;葡萄霜霉病叶电熨斗法(丝位置)40 s;番茄灰霉病叶醋酸铜处理+电熨斗法(麻位置)1 mim 10 s;黄瓜霜霉病叶微波法1 min;小麦叶锈病叶微波法40 s;玉米大斑病叶电熨斗法(麻位置)47 s;烟草赤星病叶电熨斗法(麻位置)1 min。以上实验结果大大缩短了病叶的干燥保色时间,为快速制作高质量的腊叶标本提供了经验。

The key to the production of plant disease wax leaf specimens is color retention and rapid drying.In this paper,the best dry color retention method and treatment time of 9 kinds of plant diseases leaves with different textures were explored by experi⁃ment.The method of cupric acetate treatment followed by ironing(turn to cotton)for 4 minutes was adequate for leaf of euonymus ja⁃ponicas leaf spot.The method of ironing(turn to cotton)for 30 seconds was suitable for leaf of Cercospora black spot of peanut.The method of electric iron treatment(turn to cotton)for 1 minute was adequate for leaf of jujube rust.The method of electric iron treatment(turn to silk)for 40 seconds was adequate for leaf of grape downy mildew.The method of cupric acetate treatment followed by ironing(turn to hemp)for 70 seconds was adequate for leaf of tomato grey mould.The method of microwave processing for 1 minute was ade⁃quate for leaf of cucumber downy mildew.The method of microwave processing for 40 seconds was adequate for leaf of wheat leaf rust.The method of ironing(turn to hemp)for 47 seconds was adequate for leaf of corn northern leaf blight.The method of electric iron treat⁃ment(turn to hemp)for 1 minute was suitable for leaf of tobacco brown spot.All these methods significantly decrease the time for pre⁃serving color and drying,which provides experience to rapidly produce high-quality herbarium sheet.