实施AEO制度对天津进出口贸易的影响研究——来自企业的微观证据

The Effect of AEO System on Tianjin’s Foreign Trade——A Micro Evidence from Enterprise Perspective

AEO制度作为天津自贸区贸易便利化的重要措施之一,对于企业的进出口贸易有着极大的促进作用。本文通过天津口岸企业进出口数据与AEO认证数据库匹配发现,在天津口岸进出口大型企业中国有、民营企业占有举足轻重的份额,但其通过AEO高级认证的数量和份额却远远不如外资企业;且在AEO高级认证企业中,大型企业显著多于中小企业,外资企业显著多于国有和民营企业。本文从地缘关系、贸易结构关系、企业异质性等视角对上述现象做出了解释。在此基础上使用描述性分析与核密度分析法,对2015年天津口岸49281家外贸企业贸易数据进行实证分析,结果表明AEO认证对于企业对外贸易有着显著地促进作用,尤其是高级认证。但对于小微外贸企业和超大型外贸企业的促进作用并不明显;同时天津AEO制度尚有很大的潜力可以挖掘。最后,基于上述结论,本文提出了以AEO制度为抓手,促进天津对外贸易的系列政策建议。

As one of the most important measures of trade facilitation in Tianjin Pilot Free Trade Zone, Authorized Economic Operator( AEO thereinafter) plays a great role in promoting the import and export of enterprises. By matching import and export data of Tianjin Port with AEO authorization data, the author finds out that although state-owned companies and private companies make a great contribution to Tianjin’s foreign trade, they make up smaller portion in terms of AEO senior authorization than foreign-owned companies do. And among those who passed senior AEO authorization, there are more large-scale companies than SMEs, more foreign-owned companies than state-owned or private companies. This paper explains the above findings from the perspectives of geo-relation, trade structure relation and enterprise heterogeneity. And then based on descriptive analysis and kernel density analysis, empirical analysis is made according to the trade data of 49,281 foreign trade companies of Tianjin Port in 2015. The result implies that AEO authorization, especially senior authorization, promotes trade significantly. But it does not play obvious role in promoting the development of SMEs and super large foreign trade companies.Meanwhile, there is much to be improved in AEO system in Tianjin. As last, this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to increase foreign trade in Tianjin with the assistance of AEO system.