故意伤害案件中赔偿影响量刑的机制

Influence Mechanism of Compensation on Sentencing in Intentional Assault Cases

赔偿作为一种酌定情节,对量刑有重要影响。通过对近3000份故意伤害案件刑事裁判文书的实证研究发现:赔偿对主刑量刑结果和缓刑适用均有重要影响;随着案件严重程度的增加,赔偿对量刑的影响相对下降,谅解对量刑的影响相对上升;赔偿时间对主刑量刑结果的影响不显著,但可显著提高非羁押性强制措施和缓刑的适用率;谅解时赔偿数额的确定机制兼具理性与非理性的双重因素。受法院功利主义量刑思维的影响,故意伤害案件中赔偿影响量刑机制的运行存在失范风险,如赔偿谅解后“量刑剪刀差”的出现、赔偿谅解中的“贫富差距”问题、谅解时赔偿数额的确定中非理性因素的放大等。为防范上述风险,可从实体法和程序法两个层面,完善故意伤害案件中赔偿影响量刑的机制。

Compensation is a discretionary factor that has an important influence on sentencing in criminal justice.According to an analysis on nearly 3,000 criminal judgements of intentional assault cases,the compensation by the defendant has an important influence on the application of both the principal penalty and probation in criminal justice.With the increase of the severity of crime,the influence of compensation on sentencing and application of probation decreases drastically,while the influence of reconciliation on sentencing increases rapidly.Although the circumstances that may reflect the defendant’s repentance,such as“the time of compensation”and“the willingness of compensation”,have no significant impact on the application of principal penalty in judicial operation,they can significantly increase the application of bail and probation.Influenced by the utilitarian thinking of sentencing,the current influence mechanism has high risks of being out of control,such as the over-amplified effect of the compensation on sentencing,the unfair difference in treatment between rich and poor defendants in criminal procedure,and the over-amplification of irrational factors in the mechanism for the determination of amount of compensation in the settlement between the defendant and the victim.To prevent the above risks,China should take such measures as properly restricting the influence of compensation on sentencing,paying more attention to the time and the amount of compensation and the economic condition of the defendant,and perfecting the national compensation system and the public legal service system.