从遗诏看武则天与刘娥的听政

Wu Zetian’s and Liu E’s Ruling Behind the Curtain from the Perspective of the Emperor’s Will

遗诏,又称遗制,即皇帝驾崩后所留下的遗书,遗言等,一般涉及死后政局的安排变动。永淳二年,武则天凭《大帝遗诏》得以听政。乾兴元年,刘娥凭《乾兴遗诏》得以听政。历史上,武则天与刘娥的人生经历有很大的相似之处,但是最后的结局却截然不同。武则天最后称帝,刘娥则始终是皇太后,尽管其一直听政到去世。两人结局不同的原因除了社会背景、政治格局、个人因素等方面外,赋予二人听政权力的遗诏也对两人的结局有着重要的影响。

The emperor’s will,also known as the regulations or rules passed down from the previous dynasty,is the last paperwork or words left by the emperor before his death,which generally involves the arrangement and changes of the political situation.In the second year of the reign of Yongchun,Wu Zetian was able to rule behind the curtain with“Great Emperor’s Will”.In the first year of the reign of Qianxing,Liu E was able to rule behind the curtain with“The Qianxing Emperor’s Will”.Historically,Wu Zetian and Liu E have great similarities in their life experiences,but their final outcomes are quite different.Wu Zetian finally ascended to the throne,while Liu E was still Empress Dowager although she remained in power until her death.In addition to the social background,political structure,personal factors,the emperor’s will empowering them to rule behind the curtain also has a significant impact on their outcomes.