论我国工时制度的缺陷、价值功能及其完善

Defects, Value Function and Improvement of the Working Hour System in China

现实中企业加班泛滥,表层原因是我国工时制度的关键规范包括标准工时制、特殊工时制以及加班管制等存在较为严重的缺陷,难以良好实施;中层原因是工时制度与劳动法、社会保险法等与之密切相关的几个主要制度之间不具有协调性,包括限制加班与支付加班工资、基础工资与加班工资以及加班工资与社保费之间关系等,这些制度矛盾对用人单位规避工时制度形成不良利益诱引;深层原因则是工时制度的价值功能受到人们的普遍怀疑,其根基有所摇动。这一系列问题导致我国工时制度面临严峻的挑战,应适当变革和系统完善工时制度和相关制度规范以迎接这一挑战。

Overtime in enterprises has become a widespread phenomenon in China.The surface-level cause of this phenomenon are the serious defects in the key institutional norms on the working hours system,including standard and special working hours and overtime control,which make it difficult to be implemented.The middle-level cause is the lack of coordination of the relations between the working hour system and the main systems of labor and social insurance laws,including the relations between the restriction on overtime and the payment for overtime,base salary and overtime pay,and overtime pay and social security premiums–which encourages the employer to circumvent the work hour system.And the deep-level cause is that the value function of the working hour system in China has been widely questioned and its foundation is shaken.All these factors have posed serious challenges to the working hour system in China.To meet these challenges,China should reform and systematically improve its working hours system and relevant institutions.