国际海洋法上传统捕鱼权法律地位探析——基于《联合国海洋法公约》通过前后的国家实践和国际司法实践

Analysis on the Legal Status of Traditional Fishing Rights in the International Law of the Sea: From the Perspective of State Practice and International Judicial Practice before and after the Adoption of the UNCLOS

传统捕鱼权是在历史要素的巩固过程中所确立的对于海洋生物资源特别是渔业资源的开发与利用的权利。传统捕鱼权源起于渔民的私人活动,长期和持续的权利行使活动以及有关国家的明示或默示的承认是判断传统捕鱼权是否有效确立的主要依据。若传统捕鱼权主张是非排他性的,其在历史上得以长期行使的事实本身就足以证明其合理性,其他国家的承认并非必要条件。重要渔业利益在国家间涉海域划界和渔业安排的谈判磋商中具有的重要作用。《联合国海洋法公约》通过后,传统捕鱼权在一般国际法体系下依然存续,并构成海洋划界的有关情况,其与《公约》的关系协调主要体现在海域划界和渔业资源分配上。

Traditional fishing rights which originate from the private activities of fishermen is established in the course of the consolidation of historical elements.A long-term and continuous exercise of rights and the acknowledge or acquiescence of the States concerned are the main basis for judging whether the traditional fishing rights has been effectively established.If the traditional fishing rights is non-exclusive,the fact that it has been exercised for a long time in history is sufficient to justify its validity,and the acknowledge or acquiescence of the other States may not be a necessary condition.In practice,significant fisheries interest plays an important role in the negotiation of maritime delimitation and fisheries arrangements between the coastal States.After the adoption of the UNCLOS,traditional fishing rights continue to exist in the context of general international law and constitute a relevant factor in maritime delimitation.Its coordination with the UNCLOS is mainly reflected in maritime delimitation and the allocation of fishery resources.