预见性干预对居家长期照护老年人压疮发生风险影响的研究

Study on the effect of predictive intervention on the risk of pressure ulcer in elderly with long-term care at home

目的探讨预见性干预对居家长期照护老年人压疮发生风险的影响。方法采用调查问卷对909例老年人进行调查,了解压疮发生情况、分析压疮发生影响因素。在此基础上将老年人随机分为观察组453例和对照组454例。对照组采取常规护理,观察组采取预见性预防干预措施,并观察干预效果。结果干预6个月、12个月后,观察组老年人照顾者的压疮相关知识掌握程度明显高于对照组,两组压疮相关知识知晓率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。6个月、12个月Norton量表各维度得分观察组均高于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);观察组老年人6个月后压疮发生率16.34%,12个月后10.38%,显著低于对照组同期的27.81%和30.02%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论居家长期照护老年人压疮发生率较高,采取预见性干预措施可以有效预防压疮发生,降低压疮发生率。

Objective To investigate the effect of predictive intervention on the risk of pressure ulcer in the elderly of long-term care at home. Method 909 elderly were surveyed by questionnaire to understand the occurrence of pressure ulcer and analyze the influencing factors of pressure ulcer. Based on this, the elderly were randomly divided into observation group and control group, taking the routine care on the elderly in the control group, taking predictive preventive interventions on the elderly in the observation group. Result After 6 months and 12 months intervention, the degree of knowledge about pressure ulcer in the elderly caregivers in the observation group was significantly higher than it in the control group. There was a significant difference(P<0.001) in knowledge of pressure ulcer between the two groups. The scores of the Norton scale in the observation group were higher than those in the control group at 6 months and 12 months(P<0.001). The incidence of pressure ulcers in the observation group after 6 months intervention was 16.34 % and was 10.38% after 12 months, which were significantly lower than 27.81% and 30.02% in the same period of the control group. There was significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rates of pressure ulcer in the elderly of in-home long-term care is high. Predictive interventions can effectively prevent the occurrence of pressure ulcer and reduce the incidence of pressure ulcer.