明治欧化主义背景下日本传统美术何以复兴

On the Revival of Japanese Traditional Art in the Context of Meiji Europeanism

明治维新时期的日本,在欧化主义政策的引导下,开始引进西方的制度、技术、思想等。在这样全盘西化的大背景下,西洋美术渐渐取代日本传统美术成为主流。然而,传统美术在短暂沦落后得以复兴。究其原因,有以下四点:首先,自上而下的政策并非完全西化,从政教层面上讲,全盘欧化会带来影响政权的不稳定因素;第二,西方人眼中的日本传统美术的价值得到欧美的肯定,甚至影响了欧洲艺术的发展;第三是内在或思想文化上的因素,即国粹主义与国权论的兴起;第四是自下而上的因素,日本传统美术深深扎根于普通民众,对欧化美术的接受需要一个过程。在政策、思想、舆论等方面都表现出复兴姿态的日本传统美术,也因此成功夺回了欧化主义潮流下其应有的地位。

During the Meiji Restoration, Japan began to introduce advanced institutions, technologies and ideologies of western countries under the guidance of the Europeanism policy. In such a comprehensive westernization background, western art gradually replaced traditional Japanese art as the mainstream. However, the traditional art revived after a short period of decline due to four factors as follows: first, the top-down policy is not totally westernized. The total westernization would influence the stability of Japan’s political power from the political and religious perspectives;secondly, according to the western point of view, the value of traditional Japanese art which even influenced the development of European art is affirmed by the Europe and America;the third factor is from Japan itself or its ideology and culture - quintessence of Japanese culture and the rise of national power theory;the fourth is the bottom-up factor. Japanese traditional art is deeply rooted in the common people, and it needs a process for the acceptance of European art. Thus, the traditional Japanese art showed its revival in many aspects, such as policy, ideology, public opinion, etc., and successfully regained its due position under the trend of Europeanism.