四川王朗国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性与区系组成

Diversity and Fauna Composition of Birds in the Wanglang National Nature Reserve, Sichuan

生物多样性编目与监测是我国各级自然保护区的基础工作。本研究收集整理了四川王朗国家级自然保护区2004-2019年基于实地调查与观测的鸟类记录,数据来源包括公众科学活动、红外相机调查和自动录音记录。共记录鸟类16目55科271种,其中,东洋界物种147种(54.24%),古北界物种94种(34.69%),广布种30种(11.07%);留鸟165种(60.89%),冬候鸟14种(5.17%),夏候鸟67种(24.72%),旅鸟22种(8.12%),迷鸟3种(1.11%);国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物5种:鸡形目Galliformes雉科Phasianidae斑尾榛鸡Tetrastes sewerzowi、红喉雉鹑Tetraophasis obscurus、绿尾虹雉Lophophorus lhuysii和鹰形目Accipitriformes鹰科Accipitridae胡兀鹫Gypaetus barbatus、金雕Aquila chrysaetos;国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物23种;列入世界自然保护联盟红色名录的10种,列入中国脊椎动物红色名录的34种。结果表明,保护区鸟类区系组成总体上具有南北混杂的过渡特征,兼具东洋界与古北界成分,物种多样性丰富,记录鸟种数占四川省有记录鸟种总数(708种)的38.28%,在鸟类多样性保护中有重要价值。本研究为保护区管理以及未来的鸟类监测和研究提供了基础资料。

Biodiversity inventory and monitoring are the basic work of all the nature reserves in China. The bird observation records(including citizen science observations, camera-trapping surveys, and automatic acoustic recordings) were collected in the Wanglang National Nature Reserve(Sichuan province) from 2004 to 2019. We generated a list of 271 bird species belonging to 55 families and 16 orders. The avian fauna are composed of 147 Oriental realm species(54.24%), 94 Palaearctic realm species(34.69%) and 30 eurytopic species(11.07%). For the resident type, there are 165 residents(60.89%), 14 winter visitors(5.17%), 67 summer visitors(24.72%), 22 passage migrants(8.12%) and 3 vagrant visitors(1.11%). There are 5 class Ⅰ nationally protected species, including 3 species of Phasianidae in Galliformes [Chinese grouse(Tetrastes sewerzowi), chestnut-throated partridge(Tetraophasis obscurus) and Chinese monal(Lophophorus lhuysii)], and 2 species of Accipitridae in Accipitriformes [bearded vulture(Gypaetus barbatus) and golden eagle(Aquila chrysaetos)], and 23 class Ⅱ nationally protected species. There are also 10 and 34 endangered, vulnerable and near threatened species evaluated by IUCN Red List and China Red List, respectively. These results demonstrate that the reserve locates in the transitional region between the northern Palaearctic realm and southern Oriental realm, and thus has highly diverse bird community composed of the bird species from both realms. The number of bird species in the reserve accounts for 38.28% of the total bird species in Sichuan province(708), indicating the high value of the reserve in regional bird conservation. The current study provides basic inventory information for the reserve’s management and bird monitoring in the future.