甘肃省不同温型香菇优良品种筛选

The superior variety screening of different temperature types of Lentinula edodes in Gansu Province

【目的】筛选适宜甘肃省不同温型香菇优良品种,满足不同出菇季节对不同菌龄、不同温型品种的需求.【方法】自国家食用菌产业技术体系香菇育种岗位和全国香菇主产区引进12个香菇品种,根据香菇出菇温度分高温型(15~25℃)、中温型(10~20℃)、中低温型(5~15℃)和广温型(8~28℃)4个温型,试验设置4个出菇温度处理,即3个控温出菇室温度区间15~25、10~20、5~15℃和自然温度10~30℃,综合菌丝生长、转色、出菇期、生物学效率及商品性等,以菌龄、生物学效率、商品性为主要评价指标评价性状优劣.【结果】‘238’和‘0912’在4个不同的温度区间均表现生育期短、出菇早、生物学效率高、商品性好,为短菌龄广温型早熟高产优质品种,可在我省四季栽培,也是高海拔区越夏栽培的理想品种;‘庆科212’‘沪香F3’和‘沪香F2’在5~15℃和10~20℃较低温度区间,出菇早,生育期短,生物学效率高,出菇集中,尤其前期生物学效率优势明显,为短菌龄中低温型早熟高产优质品种,适宜秋冬低温季节栽培;‘申香215’和‘L808’总体表现出菇较晚,尤其在15~25℃和10~30℃较高温度下出菇更晚,在5~15℃和10~20℃的较低温度下,生物学效率主要集中在后期,属长菌龄低温型晚熟品种,具菇大、肉厚、柄短等优良商品特性,是非常理想的鲜销类品质型品种,建议在长季节栽培中使用.【结论】筛选了在甘肃省表现优良、可供广大栽培者在不同季节栽培的不同温型香菇优良品种.

【Objective】To screening appropriate varieties of Lentinus edodes with different temperature types suitable for cultivation in Gansu Province,in order to meet the requirements of different mushroom growing seasons for different fungus ages and different temperature types.【Method】L.edodes varieties were introduced from the breeding posts of the national edible mushroom industry technology system and the main producing areas of the country.According to the mushroom fruiting temperature,L.edodes varieties were divided into four temperature types:high temperature type(15~25℃),medium temperature type(10~20℃),medium and low temperature type(5~15℃),and wide temperature type(8~28℃).Four treatments were set up in the fruiting temperature experiment,i.e.four temperature control library with15~25℃,10~20℃,5~15℃and 10~30℃interval.【Result】‘238’and‘0912’showed short growth period,early fruiting,high yield and good merchantability in four different temperature ranges,which could be cultivated in the four seasons in Gansu Province and were also ideal varieties for over summer cultivation in high altitude areas.‘Qingke 212’,‘Huxiang F3’and‘Huxiang F2’had early fruiting,short growth period,high yield,concentrated fruiting,especially obvious yield advantage in the early stage,in the lower temperature range of 5~15℃and 10~20℃,which are suitable for cultivation in low temperature seasons in autumn and winter.‘Shenxiang 215’and‘L808’generally showed late fruiting,especially at higher temperatures of 15~25℃and 10~30℃.At lower temperatures of 5~15℃and 10~20℃,the yield was concentrated at the later stage.They are varieties with large size,thick meat,short stalk and excellent quality,which are ideal fresh-selling quality varieties and are recommended for long-season cultivation.【Conclusion】The excellent varieties of L.edodes were screened with different temperature types,which performed well in Gansu Province,and could be used for reference by the majority of cultivators in different seasons.