甘肃农业大学校园建筑的越冬瓢虫的多样性分析

Analysis of the diversity of overwintering lady beetles in the buildings at Gansu Agricultural University

【目的】全面了解甘肃农业大学校园建筑上越冬瓢虫的多样性.【方法】通过2018年10月中下旬至11月上旬在校园建筑的窗户缝内采集越冬的瓢虫成虫,研究越冬瓢虫及不同色斑型的相对丰盛度及雌雄性比.【结果】异色瓢虫(Harmonia axyridis)、菱斑巧瓢虫(Oenopia conglobate)与二星瓢虫(Adalia bipunctata)3种瓢虫成虫集聚在一起进行越冬(共计848头),其中异色瓢虫的相对丰盛度指数最大(81.13%),为优势种.在上述3种瓢虫的越冬种群中,均是黄底型个体的相对丰盛度指数最大,分别为75.44%,62.10%与90.10%,为优势色斑型;异色瓢虫黄底型中的Har-Y7,Har-Y8与Har-Y93种斑型的个体数量较多.异色瓢虫与菱斑巧瓢虫的雌雄性比分别为1.05与0.94,而二星瓢虫种群的性比为0.81.【结论】甘肃农业大学校园建筑上具有种群数量较大的越冬瓢虫种群,给正常工作造成了一定不利影响,需采取有效措施减少瓢虫的侵入并可通过收集进行合理保护和利用.

【Objective】To fully understand the diversity of overwintering lady beetles in the buildings at Gansu Agricultural University.【Method】On the mid-to-late of October to early November,the samples of overwintering lady beetles were collected and the relative abundance of different species as well as different elytra patterns and the ratio of female to male were analyzed.【Result】Three lady beetle species Harmonia axyridis,Oenopia conglobate,and Adalia bipunctata were found to overwinter together(in total of 848),and H.axyridis was the dominant species,which had the highest relative abundance(81.13%).For the three lady beetle species,the elytra pattern of yellow background was the dominant type that had the highest relative abundance 75.44%,62.10%and 90.10%,respectively.For H.axyridis with yellow background,the pattern Har-Y7,Har-Y8,and Har-Y9 had relative more individuals in populations.For H.axyridis and O.conglobate,the ratio of female to male was 1.05 and 0.94,respectively,while the ratio was 0.81 for A.bipunctata.【Conclusion】There were large number of lady beetles overwintered in the buildings at Gansu Agricultural University,and caused many negative effects on normal works.Effective measures must be taken for preventing the lady beetles from invading into the building and they can also be effectively protected and utilized through collecting.