浅析控烟信用惩戒措施的适用

Analysis of the application of credit disciplinary measures for tobacco control

针对我国控烟惩戒措施威慑力不足的现状,违法吸烟信用惩戒是预防和惩治违法吸烟行为的有效方式。目前,违法吸烟信用惩戒主要有"限乘限坐"和"记入信用档案"两种信用惩戒措施,取得了一定成效,但仍存在法律规定模糊、告知程序缺失、制裁程度过重等问题。借助卢埃林"现实主义法学九特征"的理论进行分析,究其原因是立法时缺失精细化研究的思维和角度,没有根据控烟必要性对控烟公共场所进行区分,且控烟信用惩戒措施的制裁严厉程度与公共场所的控烟必要性不相匹配。因此,有必要在制度优化设计的过程中,根据控烟必要性的需求,对控烟公共场所的重点领域和非重点领域进行区分,适配不同制裁严厉程度的信用惩戒措施,以确保控烟信用惩戒措施的有效实施。

In view of the lack of deterrent of tobacco control punishment measures in China,credit punishment for illegal smoking is an effective way to prevent and punish it.At present,the credit punishment for illegal smoking mainly consists of two kinds of credit punishment measures,namely"limit taking and sitting"and"record in credit file",which have already achieved certain results.However,there are still some problems,such as vague legal provisions,lack of notification procedures and excessive degree of sanction,etc.Through the analysis of Llewellyn′s theory,the lack of thinking from the perspective of the necessity of tobacco control are the reasons of no distinction in tobacco control public places,at the same time,the severity of the punishment measures for tobacco control credit does not match the necessity of tobacco control places.Therefore,in the process of system optimization design,it is necessary to distinguish the major fields from other fields of tobacco control public places according to the needs of tobacco control necessity,and adapt credit punishment measures of different severity of sanctions to ensure the effective implementation of tobacco control credit punishment measures.