基于QFD的复杂产品外观设计与改进

Appearance design and improvement of complex products based on QFD

复杂产品研发受多重特性约束,常采取功能导向设计理念,因此,其外观设计易表现出客户需求信息模糊和工程约束干扰创意发散等问题。针对该问题,以情景分析法初步明确客户需求,建立基础需求模型,适应草案阶段的发散性要求;以草案评估提示及草案设计缺口作为引导,建立增强需求模型,适应改进设计阶段的聚合性要求;通过联合分析法量化外观设计因素评估权重系数,采用李克特量表和模糊矩阵进行方案优度评估。以某企业落地电气柜外观设计为例,证明基于QFD的基础需求模型和增强需求模型有助于提升复杂产品外观设计的科学性。

Research and development of complex products were constrained by several features.Function-oriented conceptphilosophy was always adopted.Thus,the appearance design was easy to show problems of customer fuzzy information requirementand creative divergent interferenced by engineering constraints.To solve this problem,scenario analysis method was usedto clear customer requirement.Basic requirement model was established to fit divergence requirement in the draft stage.Enhancedrequirement model was established to meet the aggregation requirements in the design improving stage with the clues ofdraft evaluation tips and draft design gap guidance.Joint analysis method was used to quantify evaluation weight coefficient ofappearance design.Likert scale and fuzzy matrix were used to evaluate goodness of scheme.Appearance design of a floor electriccabinet was taken as an example to verify that basic requirement model and enhanced requirement model based on QFDwould help to improve scientificity of appearance design of complex products.