技术创新模式对全球价值链分工地位的影响

Effect of technological innovation models on global value chains status

根据价值增值和全球价值链嵌入位置两个维度定位中国制造业参与全球价值链的分工地位,基于产业发展阶段和技术进步的生命周期特征视角,利用2000-2017年中国制造业行业数据,分析技术创新模式对全球价值链分工地位影响的作用机理,并验证有效需求规模的调节作用。实证发现,技术创新模式与全球价值链分工地位之间存在非线性关系;有效需求规模在技术创新模式与全球价值链分工地位关系中的调节作用显著;不同技术水平行业的适用性技术创新模式存在显著差异。提出构建自主创新内生发展机制,推动产业技术创新模式转换;建立产业内供需关联,改善产业全球价值链分工地位;依据行业技术水平,制定差异化的技术创新策略等启示。

China’s manufacturing industries are facing multiple dilemmas, especially insufficient internal impetus under the background of international anti-globalization and domestic economic new normal, it has directly led to the low-end industrial division status and impoverished growth trend in the global value chains. China’s manufacturing industries urgently needs to cultivate new competitive advantages to participate in the division of global value chains. Existing researches have studies the cultivation of new competitive advantages to participate in the division of global value chains mainly from the perspective of industrial linkages, appropriate technological innovation models and supply-demand structure, they pay more attention to the performance of industrial global value chains status and the static comparison of different technological innovation models. However, few literature investigates the correlation between appropriate technological innovation models and global value chains status based on the dynamic industrial development process. Thus, the paper explores the mechanism of technological innovation models to the global value chains status from the views of the industrial development stage and life cycle of technological progress, and verifies the moderating effect of effective demand scale. The conclusions are of great theoretical value and practical significance for cultivating competitive advantages to participate in the division of global value chains.Employing the panel data of 17 typical manufacturing industries during the year of 2000-2017, this paper quantifies the status of China’s manufacturing industries in global value chains via industrial value-added and embedding position. To explore the mechanism of appropriate technological innovation models to the global value chains status in different industrial development stage, this paper divides the technological innovation models into technological introduction, imitative innovation and independent innovation based on the life cycle of technological progress. This paper employ theHausman test to determine whether to select fixed or random effects model. In order to avoid endogeneity problem, this paper further employ the GMM dynamic panel-data estimator to test the robustness of the results.The results show that:(1) There is a non-linear relationship between technological innovation models and global value chains status. Technological introduction and imitative innovation have inverted U-shaped influence on the industrial value-added, both of them have U-shaped influence on global value chains embedding position. Independent innovation has U-shaped influence on the industrial value-added, while it has inverted U-shaped influence on global value chains embedding position. Current technological innovation models of China’s manufacturing industries is still dominated by technological introduction and imitative innovation, the characteristics of independent innovation are not significant. The status of China’s manufacturing industries in global value chains shows the feature of marginalization, which is experiencing the continuous weakening of industrial value-added and the substantial increasing of embedding position.(2) The moderating effect of effective demand scale on the relationship between technological innovation models and global value chains status are significant. Effective demand scale can not only magnify the negative effects of technological introduction and imitative innovation to accelerate the industry into low-end, but also enhance the positive impact of independent innovation to improve the global value chains status.(3) Different technological level industries are suitable for the different technological innovation models. Low-tech industries can still enjoy the development dividend brought by imitative innovation in the short term. Medium-tech industries are experiencing the transformation stage from imitative innovation to independent innovation. The promotion effect of imitative innovation and independent innovation in high-tech industries is not significant, which leads to the high-tech industries still rely on technological introduction as the main technological innovation model.According to the above analysis, the policy implications of this paper are as follows:(1) For realizing the appropriate transformation of technological innovation models, we propose constructing the endogenous development mechanism of independent innovation. With long-term dependence on technological introduction and imitative innovation, industrial division status will face the risk of continuous marginalization. Hence, the government can construct the innovation-driven mechanism to realize the appropriate transformation of technological innovation models from the aspects of strengthening the guarantee mechanism of scientific research investment;developing the driving mechanism of engineering technology research center;improving the integration mechanism of government, industries, universities and research institutions;as well as fostering the joint innovation mechanism among enterprises.(2) For improving industrial division status in the global value chains, we suggest establishing intra-industries supply-demand linkages. Effective demand scale can enhance the positive impact of independent innovation to improve the global value chain status, thus, the government should lead domestic upstream and downstream industries to establish the supply-demand linkages by introducing the domestic catalogue of major technical equipment and core components, setting up a special fund for the industrialization of basic materials and key technologies, so as to promote the positive moderating effect of effective demand scale on the relationship between independent innovation and global value chains status.(3) For different technological level industries, we suggest formulating differentiated technological innovation strategies. Low-tech industries could choose the "Belt and Road" initiative as an important strategic opportunity to extend the growth effect of imitative innovation through the promotion of the domestic marginal industrial transfer and international capacity cooperation;Medium-tech industries should eliminate the risk of independent innovation and promote independent innovation capability by means of government procurement, tax relief and special fund subsidies;High-tech industries should strengthen the technological communication and cooperation with strategic emerging industries, and encourage the civil-military integration, the information-industrialization integration, as well as the integration of advanced manufacturing industries and modern service industry to promote cutting-edge technologies breakthroughs and high quality development of industries.